Chapter 9

A U.S. senator has a

6-year term

Congress is a _ legislature with _ members

bicameral, 535

A senator or representative running for reelection is called the

incumbent

A member of the House of Representatives that helps a constituent apply for Social Security benefits is engaging in_____________.

casework

The number of seats in the House of Representatives has been fixed at _ since_

4,351,959

The process of allocating congressional seats among the 50 states is called

apportionment.

Gerrymandering refers to the

practice of setting boundaries of electoral districts to favor specific political interests.

The term "pork barrel" politics refers to

spending money for local projects that are often not needed but are intended to help legislators get re-elected.

Republican House member Randy "Duke" Cunningham was convicted of what?

Accepting bribes from companies hoping to receive earmarks.

_ bills are one of Congress's favorite vehicles for pork-barrel spending.

Highway

One reason why some people support the establishment of term limits in the House and Senate is that this would

get new faces into Congress

What are the most common private bills proposed in Congress?

Help a person with citizenship

A ________ specifies general rules and categories of behavior, people, and institutions while a ________ grants a relief, special privilege, or exemption to a particular individual.

public bill, private bill

How is the Speaker of the House determined?

He/she is chosen by a caucus of the majority party and the full House must vote to approve the choice.

Who has the MOST real power in the Senate?

President pro-tempore; Majority and minority leader

Who decides which committee assignments members of the House of Representatives receive?

The speaker of the house

In discussions of Congress, the term "whip" refers to

keep the party in line.

The president pro tempore of the Senate is usually

the senator with the longest time in office (greatest seniority)

The Senate and House Appropriations committees are important because

they regulate expenditure of money by the government.

The House Rules committee is important because it?

It gives the bill an open or closed rule

Joint committees are

permanent; formed from members of the Senate and House; gather information, cover issues internal to Congress

Conference committees are

temporary; reconcile differences in legislation that has been passed by the House and Senate

What is cloture?

Procedure to end the filibuster; requires approval of 3/5 of the senate

A filibuster allows members of the Senate to

prevent a vote on a bill by speaking continuously.

How can Congress override a president's veto?

A 2/3 vote in each house/chamber

A _ _ occurs when Congress adjourns during a 10-day period after presenting the president with a bill on which he or she takes no action.

pocket veto

Leadership PACs are

are organizations members of Congress use to raise their funds.

Oversight can best be described as

the efforts of congress to supervise the manner in which laws are implemented by the executive branch.

Who were the only two presidents to be impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives?

Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton

The role that the U.S. Senate plays in impeachments can best be compared with that of a

Trial jury

The role that the U.S. House of Representatives plays in impeachments can best be compared with that of a

grand jury.