DSM-IV
the fifth version ofthe American PsychiatricAssociation's Diagnostic andStatistical Manual of MentalDisorders
Anxiety
a vague, generalizedapprehension or feeling thatone is in danger
Phobia
an intense and irra-tional fear of a particular objector situation
Panic Disorder
an extremeanxiety that manifests itself inthe form of panic attacks
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
disorder in which vic-tims of traumatic events experi-ence the original event in theform of dreams or flashbacks
Somatoform Disorder
physical symptoms for whichthere is no apparent physicalcause
Conversion Disorder
changing emotional difficultiesinto a loss of a specific volun-tary body function
Dissociative Disorder
a disorder in which a personexperiences alterations in mem-ory, identity, or consciousness
Dissociative Amnesia
the inability to recall importantpersonal events or information;is usually associated withstressful events
Dissociative Fugue
a dissociative disorder in which a person suddenly andunexpectedly travels away fromhome or work and is unable torecall the past
Dissociative Identity Disorder
a person exhibits twoor more personality states, eachwith its own patterns of thinkingand behaving
Schizophrenia
a group of disorders characterized by confused and disconnectedthoughts, emotions, and perceptions
Delusions
false beliefs that a person maintains in the faceof contrary evidence
Hallucinations
perceptionsthat have no direct externalcause
Major Depressive Disorder
severe form of lowered mood in which a person experiences feelings ofworthlessness and diminishedpleasure or interest in manyactivities
Bipolar Disorder
disorder inwhich an individual alternatesbetween feelings of mania(euphoria) and depression
Personality Disorder
maladaptive or inflexible waysof dealing with others and one'senvironment
Antisocial Personality Disorder
apersonality disorder character-ized by irresponsibility, shallowemotions, and lack of conscience
Psychological Dependence
use of a drug to suchan extent that a person feelsnervous and anxious without it
Addiction
a pattern of drugabuse characterized by anoverwhelming and compulsivedesire to obtain and use thedrug
Tolerance
physical adapta-tion to a drug so that a personneeds an increased amount inorder to produce the originaleffect
Withdrawal
the symptomsthat occur after a person dis-continues the use of a drug towhich he or she has becomeaddicted
Psychotherapy
any treat-ment used by therapists to helptroubled individuals overcometheir problems
Eclectic Approach
methodthat combines various kinds oftherapy or combinations oftherapies
Placebo Effect
the influ-ence that a patient's hopesand expectations have on his or her improvementduring therapy
Empathy
capacity for warmthand understanding
Group Therapy
patientswork together with the aid of a leader to resolve interpersonalproblems
Psychoanalysis
therapyaimed at making patients awareof their unconscious motives sothat they can gain control overtheir behavior
Insight
the apparent suddenrealization of the solution to aproblem
Free Association
a methodused to examine the uncon-scious; the patient is instructedto say whatever comes into hisor her mind
Resistance
the reluctance ofa patient either to reveal painfulfeelings or to examine long-standing behavior patterns
Dream Analysis
a techniqueused by psychoanalysts tointerpret the content ofpatients' dreams
Transference
the process,experienced by the patient, offeeling toward an analyst ortherapist the way he or shefeels or felt toward some otherimportant figure in his or her life
Client-Centered Therapy
reflects the belief that the clientand therapist are partners intherapy
humanistic therapy
reflects the belief that the clientand therapist are partners intherapy