Agoraphobia
fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic
Antisocial Personality Disorder
a personality disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
Aversive Conditioning
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
Bipolar Disorder
A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
Carl Rogers
Humanisic; self-concept and unconditional positive regard drive personality
Catatonic Schizophrenia
marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity
Compulsions
repetitive behaviors
Delusions
false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual on Mental Disorders (DSM)
Manual that psychiatrists use to identify and classify disorders
Dissociative Disorders
conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
Dissociative Identity Disorders
A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.
Generalized Anxiety Disorders
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
Lobotomies
a surgical procedure that disconnects the prefrontal area from the rest of the brain
Major Depressive Disorder
a mood disorder in which a person feels sad and hopeless for weeks or months. Most common psychological disorder.
Obsessions
persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsession) and/ or actions (compulsions).
Panic Disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
Phobias
irrational fears of specific objects or situations
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
Psychological Disorders
deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns
Schizoid Personality Disorder
a personality disorder characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion
Schizophrenia
a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions
Systematic Desensitization
A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
Transference
in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)