psychological disorder
a harmful dysfunction in which behavior is judged as atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustified
Demonological Model
people with a psychological disorder were possessed by evil spirits
Hippocratic Model
people with a psychological disorder were ill; disorders were based on the "four humors
Philippe Pinel
French doctor who was the first to declare that mentally ill people were sick and a cure can be found (1792).
Somatogenic Theory
mental illness has a bodily cause
Psychogenic Theory
mental illness has a psychological cause
Phobia
an extreme, persistent fear that interferes with normal living
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
constant plaguing by exaggerated worries
Panic Disorder
frequent periods of anxiety and occasional attacks of panic
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
repetitive streams of thought that trigger irresistible behaviors
Hoarding
severe anxiety when attempting to discard items
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
frequent and persistent thinking of a defect in one's appearance
Excoriation
repeated picking at one's skin
Trichotillomania
recurrent pulling out one's hair, resulting in hair loss
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
re-experiencing trauma through intrusive distressing collection of the event, flashbacks, and nightmares
Reactive Attachment Disorder
when an infant develops and unhealthy relationship with parents/caregivers because basic needs aren't met
Acute Stress Disorder
stress or anxiety lasting 3 months after experiencing a traumatic event (low-grade PTSD).
Major Depressive Disorder
a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest
Persistent Depressive Disorder
continuous, long-term, low-grade depression
Seasonal Affective Disorder
depressive episodes that occur during a specific time of the year, usually during winter
Bipolar I & II
extreme mood swings from depression to mania
Cyclothymia
low-grade bipolar disorder; swings are less severe
Autism Spectrum Disorder
difficulty communicating and interacting with others/functioning socially
Intellectual Disability
significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
ongoing pattern of inattention/hyperactivity that interferes with functioning
Learning Disorders
interference with basic learning skills such as reading, writing, or math
Tic Disorder
repeated, involuntary, and rapid muscle movements, including sounds
Tourette's Disorder
nervous system disorder that causes tics (rapid and involuntary movements)
Delirium
confusion/impairment in function for a short period of time; regular functioning can be restored
Alzheimer's Disease
major memory loss, confusion, forgetfulness; affects the elderly
Traumatic Brain Injury
physical damage to the brain that causes profound confusion, memory loss, personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning
Parkinson's Disease
involuntary shaking/trembling, slow movement, balance problems; usually affects elderly (50-70 years)
Huntington's Disease
involuntary shaking/trembling; clear genetic link; usually affects middle-adults (30-50 years)
Psychoanalytic Therapy
Focuses on bringing the unconscious to the conscious; understanding the root of conflict, usually childhood trauma, rather than changing thoughts or behaviors
Behavioral Therapy
Focuses on using classical and operant conditioning to reinforce desirable behaviors and eliminated unwanted noes
Humanistic Therapy
Focuses on a person's nature, traits, and behavior; encouraging the person to make decisions for themselves
Cognitive Therapy
Focuses on improving psychological well-being why changing cognition/thought process; replaces negative beliefs with more favorable/positive ones
Group Therapy
Focuses on providing support, going deep into problems, and improving social skills by sharing experiences with people experiencing similar conflicts
Schizophrenia
having frequent delusions, paranoia, anxiety, or false sensory experiences (visual or auditory hallucinations)
Paranoid Personality Disorder
an unwanted tendency to interpret the actions of other people as deliberately threatening or damaging
Schizoid Personality Disorder
a patter of indifference to social relationships and a limited range of emotional expression/experience
Schizotypical Personality Disorder
lack of understanding of how relationships form/work, misinterpretation of motivations and behaviors of others
Histrionic Personality Disorder
exhibiting excessive emotions and frequent attention-seeking or self-dramatization
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
believing that one is superior or special and trying to associate self with others who are "gifted" or special
Borderline Personality Disorder
an ongoing pattern of varying moods, self-image, and behaviors that result in impulsive actions
Antisocial Personality Disorder
a pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others; irritability and aggression
Dependent Personality Disorder
a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, control, and efficiency
Avoidant Personality Disorder
avoiding activities of offers out of fear of criticism; avoiding things out of fear of rejection
Electro-Convulsive Therapy
form of therapy that shoots an electric current through the brain, interfering with electrochemical currents
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
form of therapy that targets magnetic pulses to stimulate areas of the brain that are underactive
Drug Therapy
form of therapy in which a patient is given an antipsychotic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, or mood stabilizer to treat mental illness
Conversion Disorder
unexplained symptoms affecting motor/sensory function that have no neurological or medical condition
Illness Anxiety DIsorder
preoccupation with the fear of having a serious disease based on misinterpretation of a symptom
Factitious Disorder
purposefully producing symptoms in order to be diagnosed with an illness or admitted into a hospital
Dissociative Amnesia
when a person seems to forget their entire past and feels as if it never happened
Dissociative Fugue
temporary loss of a personal identity; may create new identities in place of a forgotten one
Dissociative Identity Disorder
a person having different identities/personalities with unique behaviors, accents, and vision
Depersonalization Derealization Disorder
when an individual feels disconnected or detached from themself, as if they are "observing" what is going on
Pica
uncontrollable urge to eat non-nutritional food, such as dirt, paint chips, or paperclips
Anorexia Nervosa
abstaining from eating, obsession over consumption of calories, frequent exercise
Bulimia Nervosa
eating large amounts of food followed by periods of not eating anything (binging and purging)
Binge Eating Disorder
eating large amounts of (unhealthy) food at once
Adjustment Disorder
difficulty returning to normal after a stressful or unexpected life event, causing problems with relationships, work, or school