AP Psych Unit 12- Abnormal Psychology

psychological disorder

a harmful dysfunction in which behavior is judged as atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustified

Demonological Model

people with a psychological disorder were possessed by evil spirits

Hippocratic Model

people with a psychological disorder were ill; disorders were based on the "four humors

Philippe Pinel

French doctor who was the first to declare that mentally ill people were sick and a cure can be found (1792).

Somatogenic Theory

mental illness has a bodily cause

Psychogenic Theory

mental illness has a psychological cause

Phobia

an extreme, persistent fear that interferes with normal living

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

constant plaguing by exaggerated worries

Panic Disorder

frequent periods of anxiety and occasional attacks of panic

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

repetitive streams of thought that trigger irresistible behaviors

Hoarding

severe anxiety when attempting to discard items

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

frequent and persistent thinking of a defect in one's appearance

Excoriation

repeated picking at one's skin

Trichotillomania

recurrent pulling out one's hair, resulting in hair loss

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

re-experiencing trauma through intrusive distressing collection of the event, flashbacks, and nightmares

Reactive Attachment Disorder

when an infant develops and unhealthy relationship with parents/caregivers because basic needs aren't met

Acute Stress Disorder

stress or anxiety lasting 3 months after experiencing a traumatic event (low-grade PTSD).

Major Depressive Disorder

a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest

Persistent Depressive Disorder

continuous, long-term, low-grade depression

Seasonal Affective Disorder

depressive episodes that occur during a specific time of the year, usually during winter

Bipolar I & II

extreme mood swings from depression to mania

Cyclothymia

low-grade bipolar disorder; swings are less severe

Autism Spectrum Disorder

difficulty communicating and interacting with others/functioning socially

Intellectual Disability

significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

ongoing pattern of inattention/hyperactivity that interferes with functioning

Learning Disorders

interference with basic learning skills such as reading, writing, or math

Tic Disorder

repeated, involuntary, and rapid muscle movements, including sounds

Tourette's Disorder

nervous system disorder that causes tics (rapid and involuntary movements)

Delirium

confusion/impairment in function for a short period of time; regular functioning can be restored

Alzheimer's Disease

major memory loss, confusion, forgetfulness; affects the elderly

Traumatic Brain Injury

physical damage to the brain that causes profound confusion, memory loss, personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning

Parkinson's Disease

involuntary shaking/trembling, slow movement, balance problems; usually affects elderly (50-70 years)

Huntington's Disease

involuntary shaking/trembling; clear genetic link; usually affects middle-adults (30-50 years)

Psychoanalytic Therapy

Focuses on bringing the unconscious to the conscious; understanding the root of conflict, usually childhood trauma, rather than changing thoughts or behaviors

Behavioral Therapy

Focuses on using classical and operant conditioning to reinforce desirable behaviors and eliminated unwanted noes

Humanistic Therapy

Focuses on a person's nature, traits, and behavior; encouraging the person to make decisions for themselves

Cognitive Therapy

Focuses on improving psychological well-being why changing cognition/thought process; replaces negative beliefs with more favorable/positive ones

Group Therapy

Focuses on providing support, going deep into problems, and improving social skills by sharing experiences with people experiencing similar conflicts

Schizophrenia

having frequent delusions, paranoia, anxiety, or false sensory experiences (visual or auditory hallucinations)

Paranoid Personality Disorder

an unwanted tendency to interpret the actions of other people as deliberately threatening or damaging

Schizoid Personality Disorder

a patter of indifference to social relationships and a limited range of emotional expression/experience

Schizotypical Personality Disorder

lack of understanding of how relationships form/work, misinterpretation of motivations and behaviors of others

Histrionic Personality Disorder

exhibiting excessive emotions and frequent attention-seeking or self-dramatization

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

believing that one is superior or special and trying to associate self with others who are "gifted" or special

Borderline Personality Disorder

an ongoing pattern of varying moods, self-image, and behaviors that result in impulsive actions

Antisocial Personality Disorder

a pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others; irritability and aggression

Dependent Personality Disorder

a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, control, and efficiency

Avoidant Personality Disorder

avoiding activities of offers out of fear of criticism; avoiding things out of fear of rejection

Electro-Convulsive Therapy

form of therapy that shoots an electric current through the brain, interfering with electrochemical currents

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

form of therapy that targets magnetic pulses to stimulate areas of the brain that are underactive

Drug Therapy

form of therapy in which a patient is given an antipsychotic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, or mood stabilizer to treat mental illness

Conversion Disorder

unexplained symptoms affecting motor/sensory function that have no neurological or medical condition

Illness Anxiety DIsorder

preoccupation with the fear of having a serious disease based on misinterpretation of a symptom

Factitious Disorder

purposefully producing symptoms in order to be diagnosed with an illness or admitted into a hospital

Dissociative Amnesia

when a person seems to forget their entire past and feels as if it never happened

Dissociative Fugue

temporary loss of a personal identity; may create new identities in place of a forgotten one

Dissociative Identity Disorder

a person having different identities/personalities with unique behaviors, accents, and vision

Depersonalization Derealization Disorder

when an individual feels disconnected or detached from themself, as if they are "observing" what is going on

Pica

uncontrollable urge to eat non-nutritional food, such as dirt, paint chips, or paperclips

Anorexia Nervosa

abstaining from eating, obsession over consumption of calories, frequent exercise

Bulimia Nervosa

eating large amounts of food followed by periods of not eating anything (binging and purging)

Binge Eating Disorder

eating large amounts of (unhealthy) food at once

Adjustment Disorder

difficulty returning to normal after a stressful or unexpected life event, causing problems with relationships, work, or school