Psychological Disorder
is a pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that impact multiple life areas and/or create distress for the person experiencing these symptoms
DSM-V
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the handbook used by health care professionals in the United States and much of the world as the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders
Anxiety Disorders
worry and fear are overwhelming and constant, and this may cripple the person
a category of mental disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety and fear, where anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events
Generalized Anxiety Disorders
a psychological disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry, that is, apprehensive expectation about events or activities
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
is a mental health condition that's triggered by a terrifying event, a result of injury, or severe psychological shock� either experiencing it or witnessing it (nightmares, flashbacks, severe anxiety and uncontrollable thoughts)
typically involving distur
Panic Disorder
a psychiatric disorder in which debilitating anxiety and fear arise frequently and without reasonable cause
Phobia Disorder
an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme and irrational fear of simple things or social situations
Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by unreasonable thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead you to do repetitive behaviors (compulsions)
possible to have just obsessions or just compulsions
Dissociative Disorders
(DD) conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity, or perception
Dissociative Identity Disorder
referred to as Multiple Personality Disorder, is a condition wherein a person's identity is fragmented into two or more distinct personalities
control a person's behavior
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative fugue, formally fugue state or psychogenic fugue is a DSM-IV Dissociative Disorder. It is a rare psychiatric disorder characterized by reversible amnesia for personal identity, including the memories, personality, and other identifying charac
Dissociative Amnesia
Psychogenic amnesia, or dissociative amnesia, is a memory disorder characterized by sudden retrograde autobiographical memory loss, said to occur for a period of time ranging from hours to years
Mood Disorders
a psychological disorder characterized by the elevation or lowering of a person's mood, such as depression or bipolar disorder
Major Depression
a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, feelings and sense of well-being.
Examples: people with depressed mood can feel sad, anxious, empty, hopeless, helpless, worthless, guilty, irritable or restless
Bipolar Disorder
a mental disorder marked by alternating periods of elation and depression
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
depression associated with late autumn and winter and thought to be caused by a lack of light
changes by seasons; same times every year
Dysthymia
persistent mild depression
a mood disorder consisting of the same cognitive and physical problems as in depression, with less severe but longer-lasting symptoms
Mania
mental illness marked by periods of great excitement, euphoria, delusions, and overactivity
Somatoform Disorders
name for a group of conditions in which the physical pain and symptoms a person feels are related to psychological factors. These symptoms can't be traced to a specific physical cause
Conversion Disorder
also called functional neurological symptom disorder, is a condition in which you show psychological stress in physical ways
Hypochondriasis
Obsession with the idea of having a serious but undiagnosed medical condition
Schizophrenia
a long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception.
Hallucinations
an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present
(seeing stuff or thinking things are there when they really aren't)
Delusions
an idiosyncratic belief or impression that is firmly maintained despite being contradicted by what is generally accepted as reality or rational argument, typically a symptom of mental disorder
Positive Symptoms
those that most individuals do not normally experience but are present in people with schizophrenia. They can include delusions, disordered thoughts and speech, and tactile, auditory, visual, olfactory and gustatory hallucinations, typically regarded as m
Negative Symptoms
associated with disruptions to normal emotions and behaviors. These symptoms are harder to recognize as part of the disorder and can be mistaken for depression or other conditions
Examples: lack of pleasure in everyday life, "flat effect", lack of ability
Paranoid Schizophrenia
subtype of schizophrenia in which the patient has delusions (false beliefs) that a person or some individuals are plotting against them or members of their family
Disorganized Schizophrenia
extreme expression of the disorganization syndrome that has been hypothesized to be one aspect of a three-factor model of symptoms in schizophrenia, the other factors being reality distortion (involving delusions and hallucinations) and psychomotor povert
Catatonic Schizophrenia
Extremes of behavior:
A) patient cannot speak, move or respond - there is a dramatic reduction in activity where virtually all movement stops, as in a catatonic stupor.
B) overexcited or hyperactive, sometimes mimicking sounds (echolalia) or movements (ec
Personality Disorders
a deeply ingrained and maladaptive pattern of behavior of a specified kind, typically manifest by the time one reaches adolescence and causing long-term difficulties in personal relationships or in functioning in society
Antisocial Personality Disorder
mental health condition in which a person has a long-term pattern of manipulating, exploiting, or violating the rights of other
- usually a criminal
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
mental disorder in which people have an inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for admiration and a lack of empathy for others
- in reality, they have a low self-esteem and reacts badly to the smallest amount of criticism
Borderline Personality Disorder
(BPD) is a serious mental illness marked by unstable moods, behavior, and relationships
Histrionic Personality Disorder
characterized by a pattern of excessive attention-seeking emotions, usually beginning in early adulthood, including inappropriately seductive behavior and an excessive need for approval
Psychotherapy
the treatment of mental disorder by psychological rather than medical means
Biomedical Therapy
physiological interventions that focus on the reduction of symptoms associated with psychological disorders
1. drug therapy
2. psychosurgery
3. electroconvulsive (shock) treatment
Client-Centered Therapy
A system of psychotherapy based on the assumption that the patient has the internal resources to improve and is in the best position to resolve his or her own personality dysfunction
(AKA: Person-centered therapy (PCT), person-centered psychotherapy, pers
Active Listening
communication technique used in counselling, training and conflict resolution, which requires the listener to feed back what they hear to the speaker, by way of re-stating or paraphrasing what they have heard in their own words, to confirm what they have
Behavioral-Cognitive Therapy
(CBT: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) structured, short-term, present-oriented psychotherapy for depression, directed toward solving current problems and modifying dysfunctional (inaccurate and/or unhelpful) thinking and behavior
Beck's Cognitive Therapy
cognitive therapy is usually more focused on the present, more time-limited, and more problem-solving oriented. patients learn specific skills that they can use for the rest of their lives
Skills: identifying distorted thinking, modifying beliefs, relatin
Rational Emotive Therapy
an active-directive, solution-oriented therapy which focuses on resolving emotional, cognitive and behavioral problems in clients
-that a patient can be taught to effect emotional well-being by changing negative and irrational thoughts to positive and rat
Behavioral Therapy
treatment that helps change potentially self-destructing behaviors; replace bad habits with good ones
Counterconditioning
the extinction of an undesirable response to a stimulus through the introduction of a more desirable, often incompatible, response.
Aversive Conditioning
a type of behavior conditioning in which noxious stimuli are associated with undesirable or unwanted behavior that is to be modified or abolished, as the use of nausea-inducing drugs in the treatment of alcoholism
Systematic Desensitization
a treatment for phobias in which the patient is exposed to progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli and taught relaxation techniques
Token Economy
a system of behavior modification based on the systematic reinforcement of target behavior.
(reinforcers are symbols or "tokens" that can be exchanged for other reinforcers)
Light Exposure Therapy
phototherapy (classically referred to as heliotherapy) consists of exposure to daylight or to specific wavelengths of light using polychromatic polarised light, lasers, light-emitting diodes, fluorescent lamps, dichroic lamps or very bright, full-spectrum
Anti-Anxiety Medications (Xanax and Valium)
- Xanax (Alprazolam): treats anxiety, panic disorder, depressive disorder and agoraphobia; abused by many; illegally sold narcotic;
- Valium (Diazepam): treats anxiety, muscle spasms, seizures, and other medical conditions; abused by many; illegally sold
Anti-Depressants (Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil)
-Prozac (Fluoxetine): treats depression and OCD; affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced
-Zoloft (Sertraline): selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs); treat depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, anxiety diso
Anti-Psychotics (Clozaril, Thorazine)
-Clozaril (Clozapine): changes actions of chemicals in the brain; used to treat severe schizophrenia, or to reduce the risk of suicidal behavior in people with schizophrenia or similar disorders
-Thorazine (Chlorpromazine): phenothiazines; used to treat p
Tardive Dyskinesia
a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the face and jaw
Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT)
procedure in which electric currents are passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a brief seizure. ECT seems to cause changes in brain chemistry that can quickly reverse symptoms of certain mental illnesses
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
block the reabsorption (reuptake) of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain; changing the balance of serotonin seems to help brain cells send and receive chemical messages, which in turn boosts mood
Lobotomy
a surgical operation involving incisions into the prefrontal lobe of the brain, formerly used to treat mental illness