What are 4 ways in which an athlete may deal with an injury?
1.) Viewed as disastrous.
2.) An opportunity to show courage.
3.) Use as an excuse for poor performance.
4.) Escape from losing team.
Describe the different severity of injury and length of rehab.
-short term (<4 wks)
-long terms (> wks)
-chronic (recurring)
-terminating (career ending)
What are the 3 reactive phases an athlete goes through when they are injured?
1.) Reaction to injury.
2.) Reaction to rehabilitation
3.) Reaction to return to play or termination if career.
List and describe Kubler-Ross's 5 stages of death.
#NAME?
Explain how a long term injury or rehabilitation might make the athlete feel sociologically.
-Feel alienated from the team, like they don't belong.
-Views of involvement and interaction with coaches and athletes may be disrupted.
-Relationships may be strained.
Explain what an ATC can do to prevent those feelings and thoughts described in the question above.
#NAME?
When an athlete is injured explain the athletic trainer's role in providing social support.
1.) Perception that the AT cares
2.) Communication is critical
3.) ATC should take an interest in the athlete and their well-being before injuries even occur.
List 4 things the AT can do that exemplify a caring image.
#NAME?
What are some personality types that might lead to injury in sports?
#NAME?
Stress=
Positive and negative forces that can disrupt the body's equilibrium. (tells body how to react)
Negative stress is called
Distress
Positive stress is called
Eustress
Stress is a normal part of life. What would happen if no one ever experienced stress?
There would be little constructive or positive activity
Explain the flight or fight response.
To avoid injury or other physically and emotionally threatening situations.
What does negative stress produce?
Produces fear and anxiety.
What effects does adrenaline have on the body?
#NAME?
List and describe two types of stress.
-Acute stress-threat is immediate and response instantaneous; response often entails release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
-chronic stress- leads to an increase in blood corticoids from adrenal cortex.
Besides performance in a sport, what are 3 other stressors that may exist in a student athlete's life?
#NAME?
Who is often the first to notice that an athlete might be emotionally stressed out?
The coach
What indicators or clues might lead the coach to believe that his or her athlete is under a lot of stress?
change in personality and performance
Explain how injury prevention is not only physical, but psychological as well?
Entering an event angry, frustrated, discouraged or while experiencing disturbing emotional state makes an individual prone to injury. Due to emotion, skill and coordination are sacrificed, potentially resulting in injury.
Explain how the athletic trainer can play the counseling role when dealing with athlete who is dealing with emotional and personal problems.
ATs must be aware of counseling they play deal with emotions, conflicts and personal problems. Must have skills to deal with fustrations , fears, and crises of athletes and be aware of professionals to refer to.
What is overtraining a result of?
Imbalances between physical load and being placed on athlete and his/her coping capacities.
What 2 factors underlie overtraining?
physiological and physcological factors
Eventually, what can overtraining lead to?
Becoming stale and burning out
Staleness
long period of conditioning and competition without relaxation and rest; the athlete loses the ability to maintain high levels of performance.
What are 4 reasons that might lead to staleness in an athlete?
#NAME?
List the signs and symptoms of staleness.
Decrease in performance, chronic fatigue, apathy, loss of appetite, indigestion, weight loss, and inability to sleep or rest.
May exhibit high BP and PR at rest
Irritable and restless and may become sick more
Explain the impact the burnout can have on the athlete or athletic trainers health
Headaches, GI disturbances, sleeplessness, chronic fatigue
feel depersonalization, increased emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, cynicism, and depressed mood.
Catastrophic injury
Permanent functional disability
Give 3 example of catastrophic injury
#NAME?
Explain the psychological effect that an athlete's injury can have on the athletic trainer. Give examples to support.
#NAME?
What should a successful rehab plan take into consideration?
successful rehab plan takes athlete's pysche into consideration (the way they think)
What is meant by an athlete's pysche and why is it so important to include in the rehab process?
It is the way that the athlete thinks. It's important because the athlete mat not understand.
Explain the 4 psychological approaches during the various phases of rehab.
1.) Immediate post injury- fear and denial, emotional first aid may be administered
2.)Early post-operative period-athlete must maintain aerobic conditioning
3.)Advanced post operative or rehabilitation- continue condition, and transition into sports specifics
4.)Return to activity- although physically ready, must make sure psychologically ready as well (regain confidence)
Explain why goal setting is an important part of the rehab process.
#NAME?
Goals must be:
Must be personally internally satisfying, jointly agreed upon, and SMART
What does SMART stand for?
specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time bound
Goals can be:
daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly
What are 2 things that mental training techniques and can be used to improve?
Enhance performance and rehabilitation
What 2 techniques help quiet an anxious mind?
Meditation and progressive relaxation
Explain the process of meditation.
focus on mental stimulus, passive attitude is necessary; involving body relaxation
Explain the process of progressive relaxation.
-extensively used technique
-awareness training in tension and tension's release.
-series of muscle contractions and period of relaxation
Explain what Cognitive Reconstructing is.
Some engage in irrational thinking an negative self-talk. It's changing your mindset and the way that you think.
List and describe the 2 methods of cognitive restructuring.
1.)refuting irrational thoughts deals with persons internal dialogue (change negative thought into positive)
2.)thought stopping-focusing on undesired thoughts and stopping them on command. (immediately followed by positive verbal statement)
Imagery-
use of senses to create or recreate an experience in the mind
What are the 3 types of imagery techniques that can be used in the rehab process?
visual rehearsal, emotive rehearsal, and body rehearsal
Describe each of the imagery techniques and give an example of how it can be used.
#NAME?
Why is the body equipped with a pain response?
Protective mechanism
List the three methods that can be used to reduce pain.
#NAME?
Describe how each pain coping technique work and give and example or when would you use it.
#NAME?
Mental illness
any disorder that affects the mind or behavior
neurosis
unpleasant mental symptom in individual with intact reality testing
What are the signs and symptoms of neurosis?
Anxiousness, depression, or obsession with solid base of reality
Pyschosis
disturbance in which there is disintegration in personality and loss of contact with reality.
Psychosis is characterized by_________________and ________________.
delusions, hallucinations
What does a mood disorder become pathological?
when it disturbs normal behavior, is prolonged, and accompanied by physical symproms
unipolar
feeling move from normal to helpless
bipolar
goes from exaggerated feelings or happiness and great energy to extreme states of depression.
Bipolar is also known as
Manic depression
Explain how a doctor might treat a person who is bipolar
pyschotherapy and ante-depressant
Why does seasonal effective disorder primarily occur during the winter months
occurs due to lack of sun
What are the s&s of SAD
fatigue, diminished concentration, daytime drowsiness
Who does SAD most effect?
4 time more likely in women
How is SAD treated?
light therapy, anti-depressant and exercise
What contributes of 20% of all medical conditions?
anxiety
When does anxiety become abnormal?
When it begin to interfere with emotional well-being or normal daily functioning.
Panic attack
unexpected and unprovoked emotionally intense experience of terror and fear
When do panic attacks usually occur?
at night and runs in families
What are the signs and symptoms associated with phobias?
Increased heart rate, difficulty breathing, sweating and dizziness
List and describe 3 personality disorders.
1.) paranoia- person is constantly on guard and cannot be convinced (Resentment occurs) that suspicions are incorrect.
2.) Obsessive compulsive disorder- recurrent, inappropriate thoughts feelings, impulses, or images arising from within
3.) Post-traumatic stress disorder- re-experiencing of psychologically traumatic effects. May experience numbing of general responsiveness, insomnia and increased agression