What are the pulse sites
Femoral artery, dorsal pedal artery, facial and submandibular artery (LA), Digital, lingual artery
Define cyanosis
Blue MM
Define stridor
Loud breathing w/ out stethoscope - indicates upper airway disease
Define stertor
Opposite of stridor
Rapid/shallowed breathing pattern indicates:
Air or fluid in the pleural space
Labored on inspiration/expiration breathing pattern indicates:
Long parenchymal disease
Expiration distress with short inspiration breathing pattern indicates
Small airway obstruction
Icteric MM color could mean that the patient has:
Hepatic disorder, hemolysis
Brick red MM color could mean that the patient has:
Early septic shock, fever, inflammatory response
Brown MM color could mean that the patient has:
Acetaminophen toxicity
Petechia (bruising on the MM) could mean that the patient has:
DIC, platelet disorders, coagulation deficiencies
Normal canine HR
60-160 bpm
Normal feline HR
140-220 bpm
Normal equine HR
28-44 bpm
Normal canine RR
16-33 breaths per min
Normal feline RR
20-42 breaths per min
Normal equine RR
6-16 breaths per min
Normal canine and feline temp
100-102.5�F
Normal equine temp
99-100.5�F
To trim nails, you should use ______ or _______ nail trimmers
Resco; Whites
6 patient rights
Patient, route, drug, dose, time, documentation
How should you measure an orogastric tube
From the tip of the nose to the 13th rib
How should you measure a nasogastric tube
From nares to 10th rib
Define cerumen
Ear wax
Define cerumenolytic
Breaks up debris and cleanses
What is the most common cause of blindness in dogs?
Keratoconjunctivitis (dry eye)
What is normal schirmer test results?
15-20 mm/min
What is the second most common cause of blindness in dogs?
Glaucoma
Normal urine production in dogs/cats
1-2ml/kg/hour
What is canine circulatingblood volume
80-90ml/kg
What is feline circulating blood volume
40-60ml/kg
What is equine circulating blood volume
80ml/kg
What are the major intracellular electrolytes
Potassium, magnesium, phosphates
What are the major extracellular electrolytes
Sodium, chloride, bicarbonate
What electrolyte is responsible for osmotic pressure within the cell
Potassium
What is normal pH of blood
7.35
What are the 3 systems that control pH in the body
Blood buffers, lungs, and kidneys
_______: high hydrogen ion (H+) concentration expressed as a low pH
Acidosis
_________: low hydrogen ions (H+) concentration expressed as a high pH
Alkalosis
Animals experiencing a decrease in pH may become ________ due to potassium being driven out of the cells
Hyperkalemic
Animals experiencing an increase in pH may become _______ due to potassium being driven into the cells
Hypokalemic
Do not give subQ to: _______, ________, and _______ patients
Dehydrated; hypothermic; hypotensive
What is normal fluid loss
40-60 ml/kg/day
What is sensible water loss
Loss of water, nutrients, and minerals thru urine
What is insensible water loss
Loss of water thru the respiratory tract (panting) and feces
What is the term for collapsed alveoli
Atelectasis
How long should you withhold food before surgery
8-12 hr
How long should you withhold water before surgery
2 hr
Prior to sx you should correct: ________, ________, _______ __________, ________ __________, __________ _________ _______, ________ __________, and ______-______ __________.
Dehydration; anemia; cardiac arrhythmias; respiratory compromise; major organ failure; electrolyte imbalance; acid-base imbalance
What is the reversal for all opioids
Naloxone
What lowers the seizure threshold
Acepromazine
What is kitty magic
Ket + butorphanol + dexdomitor
What is diazepam's, midazolam's, and zolazepam's reversal (antagonist)
Flumazenil
What is xylazine's reversal
Yohimbine and tolazoline
What is dexmedetomidine's reversal
Antipamezole
What is detomidine's reversal
Antipamezole and tolazoline
What class of drug does not give analgesia
Hypnotics
Agents with a ______ (low or high?) MAC is more potent than one with a high MAC
Low
What stage is skipped if ideal anesthesia induction is quick?
Stage II
What is the ideal stage of anesthesia
Stage III, subplane 2
What is the min acceptable HR for anesthetize large or med dogs
60 bpm
What is the min acceptable HR for anesthetize small dogs
70 bpm
What is the min acceptable HR for anesthetize cats
100 bpm
Blood pressure should not drop below _________ in anesthetized dogs and cats
100 mmHg
Normal anesthetized canine and feline blood pressure
Systolic: 90-160mmHg; diastolic: 60-100 mmHg
A 3x3 sponge can hold ____ - ____ ml of blood
5-6
How much blood loss can they withstand
15%
Anything below _____ breaths/min should be brought to the vets attention during patient monitoring
8
What color are oxygen tanks
Green
Tanks are changed at _____ - ______ psi
100-200 psi
What is the flow of the anesthesia machine
1. Tank, 2. Tank pressure gauge, 3. Pressure reducing valve, 4. Flow meter, 5. Oxygen flush valve, 6. Vaporizer, 7. Inhalation (flutter) valve, 8. Anesthetic tubing, 9. Exhalation (flutter) valve, 10. Carbon dioxide absorber (only in rebreathing), 11. Pre
How do you calculate to pick a reservoir bag
5*TV
Total volume=10-15 ml/kg
What are straight bladed laryngoscopes called
Miller
What are curved bladed laryngoscopes called
Macintosh
Paralysis caused by inadvertant injection into the sciatic nerve can occur with IM injections into the ________________ muscles.
Semimembranosis/tendonsis
Which of the following is true of arterial blood gas samples?
A. They should be collected with the largest gauge needle possible
B. They will drip slowly into the collection syringe
C. They will be darker red than venous blood
D. They must remain anaerobi
D. They must remain anaerobic
Restoration of vascular volume occurs during the ______ phase of IV fluid administration.
Resuscitation
Rapid administration of ___________ during IV fluid therapy can result in adverse cardiac effects.
Potassium
Intraoperative updates should be recorded every ______________ on the anesthetic monitoring form.
5 min
Which of the following patients would be anatomically unable to receive urinary catheterization?
A. Female feline
B. Female canine
C. Male porcine
D. Male equine
C. Male porcine
The pre-anesthetic fasting recommendation for neonatal patients < 8 weeks of age is:
No fasting
A common phenothiazine tranquilizer that may cause side effects such as vasodilation, paradoxical aggression, and penile prolapse (in horses) is:
Acepromazine
An anesthetic that results in normal to increased muscle tone, sensitivity to light/sound and increases in BP and HR would most likely be a:
Dissociative
A Cole-type endotracheal tube is most likely to be used for which of the following patients?
A. Avian
B. Canines
C. Equine
D. Porcine
A. Avian
Delivers oxygen at controlled rate; includes flowmeter, oxygen flush and pressure gauges
Carrier gas supply
Converts liquid anesthetic to gas and mixes with carrier gasses
Anesthetic vaporizor
Delivers anesthetic to patient via ET tube, mask or chamber
Breathing circuit
The pressure manometer indicates the pressure within the patient's lungs. It should never read more than _________________ in small animal patients.
20 cm H2O
Which of the following anesthetic stages is considered the Period of Surgical Anesthesia?
Stage II
The endotracheal tube length should extend from ___ to ____.
Tip of nose; thoracic inlet
The Doppler ultrasound monitor can be used to determine a patient's blood pressure when used with a ________.
Sphygmomanometer
An end-tidal CO2 monitor which measures the level of CO2 in inspired and expired air is called a:
Capnograph
Hyperventilation can cause decreased CO2 levels, which may result in _____ in anesthetized patients.
Cyanosis
Which of the following might be caused by an occluded scavenging system, closed pop-off valve or too-high oxygen flow rate?
A. Overinflated reservoir bag
B. A patient that will not stay asleep
C. Excessive depth of anesthesia
D. Purple or brittle CO2 abso
A. Overinflated reservoir bag
Oxygen administration should be continued after inhalant anesthetic is turned off for a minimum of _______________ or until the animal swallows.
5 min
Hypoventilation, particularly in patients laying on one side, may cause ______________, which reduces the alveolar capacity for gas exchange and may result in hypoxemia.
Atelectasis
During surgical depth anesthesia, which of the following is true?
A. Corneal reflex is present
B. Palpebral reflex is present
C. Muscle tone is flaccid
D. Swallowing reflex is present
A. Corneal reflex is present
Out of the following options in the flow of the anesthetic gas circuit, which area does the gas to through FIRST?
A. Flow meter
B. Vaporizer
C. The reservoir bag
D. Pop-off valve
A. Flow meter
Laryngospasm during endotracheal intubation can be minimized by applying ______ to the glottis prior to tube placement.
Lidocaine
While monitoring your surgical patient, you note the following: weak pulses, pale mm and decreased HR and RR. The surgical procedure is still in progress. Which course of action do you choose?
A. Discontinue all anesthetic
B. Increase inhalant anesthetic
D. Decrease inhalant anesthetic
Nonrebreathing circuits have many different configurations, which are grouped using the ______________ system.
Mapleson
Which of the following is true as an advantage of the nonrebreathing system?
A. Easier manual ventilation
B. Greater moisture and heat conservation
C. Greater conservation of gases
D. Less resistance to air movement
D. Less resistance to air movement
A full oxygen cylinder will contain a pressure of approximately ________ psi.
2200
A patient with anemia, moderate dehydration or compensated major organ disease would likely be given an ASA classification of _________.
III
Bradycardia and hypersalivation can be counteracted by which class of drugs?
Anticholinergics
Scavenging charcoal waste cannisters must be disposed of and replaced when:
They reach a weight gain of 50g
A normal anesthetized respiratory rate for dogs and cats would be:
8-20 breaths/min
_______ #__ vaporizer and the _________ are universal vaporizers
Ohio #8; stephens