13,000 BCE
Domestication of animals occurred
Pythagoras
Which of the following Greeks postulated that a new individual is formed by a union of male and female "vapors" that are derived from various organs?
de Graaf
Who contributed greatly to the understanding of the female mammalian reproductive system by discovering the follicles that house the egg, and describing the process of ovulation?
Preformationalism
Which theory of inheritance states that sex cells contain a complete miniature adult?
Lamarck
The term "acquired characteristics" is attributed to
Welsman
Who proposed the Germplasm theory of inheritance?
Bateson
Who coined the term genetics?
Galton
Who started the Eugenics movement?
uracil
DNA contains ALL of the following bases except
In general, RNA molecules
A) form double helices that encode DNA sequences.
B) entwine with DNA molecules to encode proteins.
C) use the information in specific proteins to construct DNA molecules.
D) comprise the chromosomes.
E) use the information in sp
E) use the information in specific DNA sequences to construct proteins
Which is an example of a study that might be done by a transmission geneticist?
A) Geneticists are able to clone and express a gene to produce human insulin.
B) A comparison between many individuals indicates that the "short" variant of a particular gene
D) A geneticist collects family histories in order to study the mechanism of transmission of a genetic disorder.
A sperm cell of a particular animal contains 32 chromosomes. A skin cell from that animal would contain ______ chromosomes.
64
Which of the following genetic models is correctly matched to its description?
A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Yeast
B) Mus musculus - Mouse
C) Drosophila melanogaster - Fruit fly
D) Two of the above
E) All of the above
E) All of the Above
The distinction between mutations and gene expression is that
A) mutations affect only autosomes and gene expression affects only sex chromosomes.
B) mutations are changes in the DNA sequence, whereas gene expression refers to the extent to which a gene i
B) mutations are changes in the DNA sequence, whereas gene expression refers to the extent to which a gene is transcribed and translated, producing protein.
An estimated _____ DNA base pairs comprise the human genome.
3 billion
What is a dominant allele?
A) An allele that is very prevalent in a population
B) An allele that has no noticeable affect on an organism's phenotype
C) An allele that will only have an affect on phenotype in a haploid organism; otherwise its presence will
D) An allele that determines the phenotype of a heterozygous individual.
Mendel called physical units responsible for the inheritance of traits "elementen." The basis for his first law is that elementen.
A) can exist as multiple alleles.
B) separate from each other as gametes form.
C) do not affect the inheritance of each othe
B) separate from each other as gametes form
Which of the following statements is TRUE? Assume simple Mendelian inheritance with regards to dominance and genes on different chromosomes.
A) An individual with the genotype AaBBccDdEeFFGg produces 8 different gametes.
B) A cross between two AaBbCc pare
B) A cross between two AaBbCc parents yields 27 different genotypes.
A couple would like to know what the probability is that out of five children, three will be girls. This is solved using which of the following?
A) Product rule
B) Sum rule
C) Chi-square test
D) Random sampling error
E) Binomial expansion
E) Binomial Expansion
In dogs, there is a hereditary deafness caused by a recessive allele, d. A kennel owner has a male dog that she wants to use for breeding purposes if possible. The dog can hear, but the owner is unsure of the genotype. She does a testcross (crosses it to
Dd
Using Mendel's flower color (purple is dominant, white is recessive), if two heterozygous plants are crossed, what is the probability that the first two offspring will have purple flowers?
9/16
Polydactyly is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Two individuals that are heterozygous for this trait marry and plan a family of five children. Assume a 1:1 sex ratio and that the gene is completely penetrant. What is the probability that the coup
0.895
n a genetic cross, there are n classes of data. What would the degrees of freedom be for a chi-square test on this data?
n-1
A female that is homozygous for an X-linked dominant trait is expected to pass on the trait to what proportion of her children?
A) All of her sons and all of her daughters.
B) Half of her sons and half of her daughters
C) All of her sons and half of her d
A) All of her sons and all of her daughters.
Individuals affected with phenylketonuria (PKU)
A) cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine.
B) produce too little of the amino acid phenylalanine.
C) cannot synthesize the amino acid phenylalanine.
D)cannot use the amino acid phenylalanine to make
A) cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine.
A phenocopy occurs when
A) two individuals have the same phenotype but are afflicted with two different genetic disorders.
B) an individual develops an environmentally-caused trait that appears to be inherited.
C) an individual carries the same copy of th
B) an individual develops an environmentally-caused trait that appears to be inherited.
Which of the following statements about prions is TRUE?
A) The normal prion protein is designated PrPSc.
B) Prions are most abundant in the central nervous system.
C) Prion diseases include scrapie and fatal familial insomnia.
D) Two of the above
E) All o
D) Two of the above