Nucleus of cell
Where does transcription take place?
AUG
What is the start codon of mRNA?
Antiparallel
DNA strands are...
UAG, UGA, UAA
What are the 3 stop codons?
Helicase
Breaks hydrogen bond, unzips DNA
Polymerase
Links codons together, pairs nucleotides
Hypertonic
-->water leaves the cell
-->crenate
Hypotonic
-->water enters the cell
-->lyse
mRNA
-->messenger RNA
-->creates proteins, transcription
tRNA
-->bind free amino acids in cytosol & deliver to ribosome
rRNA
-->composes ribosomes
Anticodon
Component of tRNA, pairs bases together
Simple diffusion
-->high to low concentration
-->NO energy
-->can pass through phospholipid bilayer w/o protein assistance
Facilitated diffusion
-->requires transmembrane protein
-->NO energy
-->high to low concentration
Co-transport
2 molecules travel in same direction
Antiport
Molecules travel in opposite direction
Uniport
1 molecule
Active diffusion
-->low to high concentration
-->Primary: ATP
-->Secondary: indirectly uses ATP
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
DNA bases
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil
RNA bases
Kinases
Attaches phosphates to a nucleotide
Phosphatases
Remove phosphates from nucleotide
Catabolic
Breakdown of complex molecules
Anabolic
Construction of complex molecules
ADP+Pi+Energy
What is ATP broken down into?
ATP production
What is the role of the mitochondria?
Somatic cells
Hair, nails, skin, brain, fat, muscle cells
Gamete cells
Sex cells
Nonpolar molecule
________ don't require transmembrane proteins to cross phospholipid bilayer
Primary Base Sequence
Where CAN transcription occur?
Phosphate
What can you find on the 5' end of the DNA backbone?
23
How many chromosomes does a haploid cell contain?
Phospholipid
If you add a phosphate group to the end of any single fatty acid it becomes _________.
Amino acid
________ is the monomer to the polymer known as a protein?
G1
In what phase of the cell cycle do your cells spend most of their time?
TRUE
T/F: After meiosis I, the centromeres are still in tact.
Functional "R" group
Which of the portions of amino acids are unique among the different amino acids?
They regulate cell division
Why are oncogenes important?
Phenotype
What you look like based on your genes
Secondary Active Transport
Carrier mediated transport which "piggy-backs" with another concentration gradient
Nervous system
Which system is most responsible for the control of physical movements?
Histone
Disc shaped cluster of 8 proteins
Fatal mutation
Kills cell immediately
Deleterious mutation
Can change proteins produced by cell & cause cellular dysfunction
Phosphate
What can you find on the 5' of a DNA backbone?
Carbon
What can you find on the 3' end of a DNA backbone?
Nucleotide
Organic compounds that are made up of a nitrogenous base, a monosaccharide, and 1+ phosphate groups
Nucleic acid
Polymers of nucleotides
Transcription
DNA-->mRNA
Translation
mRNA-->protein
Chromosome
Massive structure of tightly wound DNA
Semiconservative DNA replication
Each strand of the original pair of DNA is used to make a new strand
Nucleus
Where is DNA produced?
Cytoplasm (Rough ER)
Where is RNA produced?
Genome
23 chromosome set
Different
Meiosis produces genetically different or genetically identical cells?
Identical
Mitosis produces genetically different or genetically identical cells?
Genotype
The sequence of your DNA
DNA hierarchy
1. primary base sequence
2. histones
3. nucleosomes
4. chromatin
5. supercoiled nucleosomes
6. chromatid
7. chromosome
Central dogma
DNA-->RNA-->protein
Tripeptide
3 aminos joined by 2 peptide bonds
33
A 10 amino acid protein would need how many bases?