ribose
a 5-carbon sugar in RNA
deoxyribose
5-carbon sugar in DNA
adenine
one of two purine nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA; pairs with T
thymine
one of two pyrimidine bases in DNA; pairs with A
guanine
one of the two purine nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA; pairs with C
cytosine
one of the two pyrimidine nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA; pairs with G
gene
a sequence of DNA that instructs a cell to produce a particular protein
nucleotide
the building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a 5-carbon sugar
purine
a DNA base with a two-ring structure; adenine and guanine
pyrimidine
a DNA base with a single-ring structure; cytosine, thymine, and uracil
sugar-phosphate backbone
the "rails" of a DNA double helix, consisting of alternating deoxyribose and phosphate groups, oriented opposite one another
antiparallelism
the head-to-tail position of the entwined chains of the DNA double helix
complementary base pairs
the pairs of DNA bases that hydrogen bond; adenine bonds to thymine and guanine to cytosine
histone
a type of protein around which DNA entwines
nucleosome
a unit of chromatin structure
chromatin
DNA and its associated proteins
semiconservative
The route to DNA replication is called ___ because each new DNA double helix conserves half of the original.
replication fork
locally opened portion of a replicating DNA double helix
DNA polymerase
an enzyme that adds new bases to replicating DNA and corrects mismatched base pairs
ligase
an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds in the sugar-phosphate backbone of a nucleic acid
carbons in the sugar are numbered
The antiparallel nature of the DNA double helix becomes apparent when what are numbered?
conservative
Possible DNA replication type with one double helix specifying creation of a second double helix.
dispersive
Possible DNA replication type with a double helix shattering into pieces that would join newly synthesized DNA pieces to form two molecules.
S phase
DNA replication occurs during what phase of the cell cycle?
primase
What is the enzyme called that attracts complimentary RNA molecules to build a short piece of RNA during DNA replication.
RNA primer
The short piece of RNA called that is built at the start of each segment of DNA to be replicated.
helicase
What is the enzyme called that unwinds and hold apart replicating DNA enabling other enzymes to guide the assembly of a new DNA strand?
binding proteins
What stabilizes the separated strands of DNA during replication?
Identification of nuclein
Experiment: Discover of an acidic substance that includes nitrogen and phosphorus on dirty bandages
Complimentary base pairing is a part of DNA structure & maintains a symmetrical double helix
Experiment: Determination that DNA contains equal amounts of guanine and cytosine and of adenine and thymine
DNA replication is semiconservative, not conservative or dispersive
Experiment: Density shift experiments
DNA is the hereditary material
Experiment: Discovery that bacteria can transfer a "factor" that transforms a harmless strain into a lethal one.
DNA, not protein, is the hereditary material
Experiment: Blender experiments that showed that the part of a virus that infects bacteria contains phosphorus, but not sulfur
ribose
which chemical is not a part of DNA: nitrogen, ribose, cytosine, phosphate
DNA
Okazaki fragments are small pieces of what?
all of these
Structure of DNA - 1 turns to form a helix 2 is symmetrical 3 is antiparallel, 4 pairs purines with pyramidines 5 all of these
Watson and Crick
who used models to deduce the double helical shape of DNA?
Meselson and Stahl
Who performed experiments to show that DNA replication is semi-conservative?