A change in the frequencies of genetic variants within a population over time leads to:
Evolution
A defect in the production of _____ causes albinism in humans.
Melanin
A form of a gene that has a slightly different sequence than other forms of the same gene but encodes the same type of an RNA or protein, is called a(n):
Allele
A giraffe reaches for food from the high branches of trees. Over a period of generations of this type of activity, the necks of giraffes increase in length. Which incorrect notion of inheritance would this example best represent?
Inheritance of acquired characteristics
A measurable or observable trait or characteristic is called a
Phenotype
Albinism in humans is sometimes caused by a mutation in the OCA2 gene. Albinism is a____while the mutant DNA sequence in he OCA2 gene that causes albinism is a
phenotype; genotype
Changes to genes or to chromosome structure that can affect gene expression but do not change the nucleotide sequence of the gene are called
epigenetic changes
Charles Darwin put forth the theory of evolution without knowing
the correct understanding of inheritance
Choose the CORRECT match between the scientist and the field of genetics that they made a contribution to
Morgan-Transmission genetics
Evolution can be viewed as which of the following?
Genetic variation arises, and some genetic variants increase in frequency while others decrease in frequency
Genetic information can be carried in which of the following biomolecules?
Either DNA or RNA
Identify a FALSE statement from the descriptions of genetics.
All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
Identify a TRUE statement from the descriptions concerning genetics.
Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
In addition to eukaryotic, what is the other main type of cell?
Prokaryotic
In animals, meiosis is the process that leads to
Gametes
Permanent, heritable changes in genetic information(DNA) are called
Mutations
The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
Genome
The contribution Charles Darwin made to biology was to
propose that evolution occurs by natural selection
The first complete DNA sequence of a nonviral, free-living organism was obtained for
a bacterium in 1995
The three-dimensional structure of DNA was first deciphered based on the work of
All of the above answers are correct
The "Green Revolution" involved which of the following?
An increase in food production by the genetic manipulation of crop plants
What is the technique for rapidly amplifying a small piece of DNA?
Polymerase chain reaction
What is the BEST way to describe most of the variation in height in human populations?
Variation in height is due to variation in hundreds of genes and environmental factors
What is the complete set of genetic instructions for an organism called?
Genome
What is the field of study called that involves the storage, retrieval, and analysis of large amounts of gene information using sophisticated computer programs?
Bioinformatics
Which CORRECTLY shows the flow of genetic information during gene expression?
DNA->RNA->protein
Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the cell theory?
The cell is the compositional and functional unit of all life
Which of the following examples of scientist and their contribution is matched INCORRECTLY?
Morgan-Polymerase chain reaction
Which of the following is NOT a part of a single nucleotide?
Hydrogen Bond
Which of the following model organisms is a green plant?
ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA
Which of the following model organisms is a prokaryote?
Escherichia Coli
Which of the following model organisms was initially used to discover a human gene SLC24A5 that helps to determine level of skin pigmentation?
Zebrafish(Danio Rerio)
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in RNA but not in DNA?
Uracil
Which of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon is INCORRECT?
Chemical nature of the gene-Transmission genetics
Which of the following scientists contributed significantly to the foundations of molecular genetics?
James Watson
Which of the following scientists contributed significantly to the foundations of transmission genetics
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
The worm, Caenorhabditis elgans
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
All genomes are encoded in nucleic acids
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
None of the above statements are true: humans make excellent model orgs because they have long lifespans, etc.
Which of the following theories of inheritance is currently considered TRUE?
Germ-plasm theory
Which of the following theories of inheritance is no longer accepted as TRUE?
None of the above is currently considered true: pangenesis, blending inheritance, inheritance of acquired characteristics, performationism
Which of the following topics, of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
Inheritance pattern of gene alleles
Which of the following would be LEAST useful as a model for analyzing the mechanisms of inheritance?
Humans
Which one of the following topics belongs to a different subdiscipline of genetics when compared to the rest?
Allele frequencies of certain genes differ in different environments
Which scientist is MOST closely associated with the Green Revolution?
Norman Borlaug
Who developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique that quickly amplifies samples of DNA?
Kary Mullis
Why was it particularly surprising when albinism was found to be in a very high frequency among the Hopi Native Americans?
The desert environment of the Hopi would normally not be considered favorable to the health of the albinos
Within cells, genes are located on structures called
chromosomes
____are alternative forms of a gene, and they arise through the process of ____
Alleles; mutation
____ combines molecular biology and computer science
Bioinformatics
___ is a change in genetic variant frequencies of a population over time
Evolution