Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland
What colonies made up the Southern Colonies?
New York, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania
What colonies made up the Middle Colonies?
Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island
What colonies made up the New England Colonies?
1. conflict with Natives (payed tribute to Powhatan to keep from being attacked)
2. unrealistic expectations (settlers came to get rich quick)
3. failure of the Virginia Company (risked failure, and had to adapt as a royal colony)
What were the struggles in Jamestown?
The House of Burgesses was established but the Dutch brought the first slaves to the British colony
Why do some people say Democracy was both born and prohibited in the colonies in 1619?
Puritans wished to purify the Anglican Church from Catholicism while remaining loyal to Anglican church; Pilgrims were separatists to the Anglican church
What is the difference between Puritans and Pilgrims?
Jacques Cartier
French explorer who explored modern day Canada
New France
What did Jacques Cartier call Canada?
Quebec
first French colony
fur trading
What was the major economic activity in France?
John Winthrop
Puritan leader who established the Massachusetts Bay colony; he wished to establish a model Christian society through caring for eachother
Salem Witch Trials
young women accused other colonists of casting spells on them and forced them to engage in strange behavior
Anne Hutchinson
Puritan woman banished from Massachusetts Bay for challenging the male, religious leaders on how they treat women and other minorities
New Amsterdam
Dutch colonial settlement (today known as New York) which served as a major trading center
it's located in the middle of the colonies and is the financial part of the colonies
Why was New Amsterdam the colonial trading center?
no, but they claimed it
Did the Dutch and French conquest and take land?
New Amsterdam
What colonial area was most diverse?
New York
After the British conquered New Amsterdam, what did they rename it to?
proprietary colony
a charter granted by an English Monarch to a group or individual that had full governing rights
William Penn
Quaker that discovered Pennsylvania and belived in religious toleration
Penn's Woods
Pennsylvania translates to
Quakers
protestant group that believed everyone should be treated equally; considered pacifists because they were friendly to natives; passed the first anti-slavery laws
Pacifists
people who opposed warfare (revolution will be difficult for them) Ex: Quakers
buy
The Quakers do not steal Native land but ___ it
Lord Baltimore
founded Maryland as a safe haven for Catholics
Maryland/Religious Toleration Act
(1649) law passed to protect the growing Christian population in the former Catholic dominated Maryland
Yes; bible passages
Did Maryland allow slavery? If so, how did they justify it?
Georgia
southern-most colony which served as a buffer from Spain
James Oglethorpe
Founder of Georgia
they sent English debter prisoners there to end their prison sentence
Living in Georgia was very dangerous, so how did they get people to move there?
Roanoke
England's first attempt at a colony off the coast of North Carolina; was UNSUCCESSFUL because of the English have not yet defeated the Spanish armada
they died or left
The British left Roanoke for 3 years, what happened to everyone?
they either were killed by or lived with Croatian Natives
What possible reason is there that the people left Roanoke?
privateer
private sailor (circa 1500) who stole in the name of the crown (basically legal theft); they often hoped from nation to nation to get best price
Jamestown
first successful British settlement which acted as a joint-stock company
joint stock company
a private company made of many people who invested to fund a larger thing
to make money
What was the mission of joint stock companies?
conflict with Natives over land, the unrealistic expectation of immediate riches, the swampy location, and poor leadership from John Smith
There were many hardships in Jamestown including ___, ____, ____, and _____
John Smith
leader of Jamestown who ruled with an iron fist; believed "he who does not work will not eat
Starving Time of 1609
Jamestown winter in which many turned to cannibalism
bring over women and plant tobacco
By 1610, Jamestown is dying, but to save it what do they do?
House of Burgesses
first legislature in Jamestown
its the first elected government in British colonies which plants seeds for the modern House of representatives
Why was the House of Burgesses important?
Tobacco
Cash crop in Jamestown, Virginia
John Rolf (Trinidad)
Who brought Tobacco to Jamestown?
people
With more tobacco came more __ to Jamestown
Indentured servitude
a laborer under contract who could not afford to go to Jamestown, so a wealthy person payed for the journey in exchange for working for the wealthy for about 7 years
the English has a tradition of being a farmer and gaining land, but the Natives share land
Why do the tensions between the Natives and British lead to war?
Bacon Rebellion
uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony lead by Nathaniel Bacon which ended in the plot of the burning of Jamestown
Nathaniel Bacon
a former indentured servant who protests against the English for their surplus of farmland for the wealthy
punishment
How did the governor of Jamestown respond to Bacon's proposition?
it's the first revolution against the crown in the new world which plants seeds for the American Revolution
What is the importance of Bacon's rebellion?
Bacon died so everyone else backed out
Why did they never burn Jamestown in Bacon's rebellion?
Plymouth Colony
The second permanent English colony settled by puritans and housed the pilgrims (granted no other religious freedom)
they hated the Church of England
Why did Pilgrims flee England?
Mayflower Compact (1620)
a written set of laws all Pilgrims on the Mayflower had to agree to; served as the first constitution in the New World
they replicated what they learned from the British
Why did the Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony persecute other religions?