Cambodian Dance
-Thousands of dancers
-Literally sewn into costumes
Wedding Dances
-Not unique to U.S.
-After sacred ceremony, dance became secular aspect of the wedding
-Judeo-Christian roots
-Dance often plays indispensible role in non-western cultures
-Jews
Native American
-Pass on culture through dance
-Stomping
Apache
-Spirit dance
-Large headdresses, stomping/jumping, men in a circle
-dance can be given as a gift
-what was sacred was put into action to be shared
The Ghost Dance
-Linked to messianic prophecy by a Western Paiute leader, Wokova, who saw the coming of a great earthquake
-Plains Indians then danced for days into a trance
-Brought together enemy tribes
-U.S. government authorities then massacred Sioux encampment
-U.S.
Powwow
formal dance competition in Hopi
Trance
-Transcendent experience that brings spiritual and material benefits to individual and entire community
-Rhythm repeats
� Ex. drunkenness, sleepwalking, etc
-Drugs involved
India
their gods dance: Shiva and Vishnu
Shiva
-Hindu dancing god
-God of creation and destruction
-Classically represented as the Lord of the Dance
Vishnu
-Hindu dancing god
-Characteristically with flute
-Tradition of sensual devotional dance
Mandala
-Floor painting made of spices
-A feast, all watch the dance of creation
-Fire massage around rim of mandala performed by Pullava man
-Climax of ceremony when two young girls become possessed by the serpent deities and confirm acceptance of tonight's offe
State of Kerala
-Southwestern India
-Absorbed many different cultures but still retains identity
-Open-minded, independent, and tolerant
-Only freely-elected communist government
-Dance ritual to guard against ill-fortune
-Performed by Pullavas
Pullavas
outcast group in Kerala
Judaism
-Early Judaism ambivalent to dance
-Right and wrong kind of dance
-Jews must dance at weddings however which may have played a role in spread of social dancing in early Renaissance
Greek and Roman
-Dance at religious ceremonies for many reasons
-Wild dancing could threaten order
-Dionysus
� Associated with dance
� Choral competitions
-Dancing and singing depicted in pottery
-Phallic props
� maypole dance
Sparta
-War
-Dance as a way to teach skills of war to men
Athens
-Art and culture
-Long span of not being in war, so they were able to put their focus and use their energy elsewhere
-Dance as a way of communication
Roman vs. Greek Culture
-borrowed Greek culture because they were too busy conquering countries to develop their own culture
Musike
Greek word for song
Early Christianity
-Denial of bodily desires
� Celibacy ideal
-Group dances, typically processions or circles, with men in solemn and decorous movements in "the fear of God" was accepted
� Everything else were dances of pagans
-Dance in a circular ring resembled the heavenl
Gender Roles: Christianity
-Female sexuality was a worry
-Abstinence best, but marriage better than burning in Hell
-Still emphasized male-female social dance
-Crusades affected this as men went to fight Muslims and women had to manage affairs formerly thought as men's
-Women gaine
Dance Mania
dance until death
Yoruba of West Africa
-Dance grounded, movement downward toward life-sustaining Earth
-Have more than four hundred gods, or orishas, like Osun the river goddess and Sango the former king who wields a dangerous lightning bolt
-May have 10 festivals a year lasting a week to prev
Sango
-The former king who wields a dangerous lightening bolt
-Popular
-Wild
-Giver and protector of children
Osun
-Calm
-Like a river
-Cures the sick and blesses her followers with children
Egungun
-Kind of dance
-Family ancestors are honored
-Wearing masks and portraying different characters
-Body serves as conduit of spiritual world
-Women stay away from the places where the masks are prepared but typically chant the praise-songs that go along wit
India, as in Sub-Saharan Africa
-Hinduism
-Bharata natyam and kathakali
� Exemplify ways in which dance and religion intersect in Indian life
Bharata Natyam
-Solo for trained female
Bharata
-Classical dance from Bharata Natyam
-A Bharata Natyam dancer is in a sari-like garment with a detailed costume and makeup
� Tries to capture the essence of the cosmos
� Can "dance" the same line in 15 different ways
Kathakali
-Male dance
-Dance drama in which a troupe of highly trained performers enact stories about heroes, deities, and demos
Vedas
knowledge
Nataya Shastra
treatise that describes and analyzes techniques employed in Sanskrit plays
Asante
-Asante gained control of region around Kumase
-Chiefs of every level dance
-Drum censorship
-Courts have hierarchy
-Chiefs are normal people with normal professions, except at festivals
-Temporary courts formed (~50) in a U-shape
-A few people dance at a
King of Asante
-At one time, dancing was prerequisite of being king
-King's dance movements slow and energetic, like King Louis XIV
-More majestic
-Fontonfrum drums
� Used for warrior or heroic dances
-current king chosen for diplomatic skills
Kumase
-Very clean which the British commented on when they came at 1817
-Unity of Asante nation symbolized by Golden Stool
-Queen mother's role similar to Catherine de Medicis
-Asante dances
� Train dancers by telling beginning dancers traditional stories for f
Versailles
1444
-Dance manuals detailing complex ballroom dancing rules
-Louis XIV built a number of palaces but the central temple of the Sun King cult was Versailles
-New city was created to house the twenty thousand people attached to the court
-The privilege of
Louis XIV
1692 (?)
-Only the best may dance in front of Louis XIV
-Louis controlled nobility by structuring his court around the dance floor
-Dance was literally an instrument of political power
-Often portrayed as Apollo
-Apostrophized as the Sun King
-Built city
Pierre Beauchamps
-King's dancing master
-Defined five basic positions of the feet on which classical ballet rests
Catherine de Medicis
-Born to pageant-loving Lorenzo II, duke of Urbino
-1533 married Henry II, the man who was to rule France from 1547 to 1559
-Still remained in power 30 years after her husbands death through her three sons
-Through her bloodline did dance take hold, as he
Java Island in Indonesia
-Dynastic split of 18th century led to two royal courts in Yogyakarta and Surakarta
� Each evolved own forms of classical Javanese dance
-300yr old tradition going back to Muslim ruler who was the ancestor of Javanese courts
-Dances of Javanese courts not
Bedoyo/Bedhaya
-Combines disparate, even opposing elements into a harmonious whole
-Affirm court's ancestral ties and embody clear teaching of Javanese life
-Disciplined self
-Nine identically dressed women with synchronized movements and identical facial expressions
�
Japan
-Japan adapts new while still holding on to old traditions
-Survival of gagaku and bugaku, mix of native and foreign into something fundamentally Japanese
Bugaku
-Bugaku dancers sometimes depict legendary battles, others enact encounters with divine personages or mythical beasts
-Dancers move in geometrical shapes and patterns with long pauses where dancers strike significant poses
-Repetition basic to bugaku
-Alm
Tokyo Imperial Palace Court Dance
-torso must be erect
-masks worn when portraying strong characters
-after WW2, court dance was open to public
-1990, Emperor is the chief priest of Shinto religion and an intermediate between gods and humans
-repetition in dance affects time itself
-seren
Cook Islands: People of Raratonga
-Island in South Pacific
-Dance of special occasions and holidays
-Part of Cook islands (self-governing)
-Protestant missionaries in 1823 were deeply disturbed by the "indecent" dances
-Reluctant to write down their dance movements but today's traditional
Sir Thomas David, or Papa Tom
Native of Raratonga and reversed a ban that was placed on traditional dance style as he was a great dancer as a young man
Dance Style
-Men and women never touch
-May signify that in their culture nuclear family has no importance but extended family is everything
-Alternating rows by gender
-Men's sequences are vigorous and athletic
-Women's sequences graceful and smooth
-War dances
� Tr
Gender Roles: Cook Islands
-Women
� Side-to-side hip swinging
-Men
� Vigorous knee-flapping
-Believed Satan ruled here
-Remarkably successful in converting natives to Christianity but not in suppressing their traditional dance
-Women first to convert away from their native oppressi
Morocco: City of Fez
-Dance conveys messages of how men and women should interact
-History is of invasion and assimilation
-Among Moroccan Muslims, encounters between sexes regulated by laws and customs of the Koran
-Nothing in Koran specifically prohibits dancing but dancing
Gender Roles: Morocco
Islam
� Insists on strict separation of sexes but embraces sexuality of men and women
-Even in Fez, it is perfectly acceptable for Muslim women to dance at all-female parties and celebrations
� Dancing outfit different from traditional outerwear
� Upper t
Couple Dancing
-Even today, social etiquette between men and women is taught in couple dance
� Ex. ballroom dancing
-Couples must move interdependently
-19th century
� no gender leads
� predetermined steps
-Waltz
� Egalitarian dance
-As men became less inclined to learn
Kinesthetic Empathy
Kinesthetic
-Experiencing through the body
Empathy
-The capacity to imagine with some accuracy what someone else is or will experience (mirror neurons)
Sympathetic Magic
1. Paint a picture of prey
2. Dance like prey
3. Then you can catch prey
Lineage-Based Societies
-Dance-centered societies
-Pre-industrial tribal cultures, ancestor worship, illiterate, limited technology
Australian Aboriginals
-Indigenous Australians
-Stomping in dancing
Cambodia
-Cambodian dancers
-Dance tells story with intricate hand movements
-Balancing on one leg, slow, graceful
-Men are musicians, not dancers
15th Century: Ballet
-uniform dance globally
-Louis XIV turned it into a peace-keeping tactic
-spread French ideals of grace, class, etc.
15-16th century
-Renaissance court
16th century
-ballet names changes by to French by Catherine de Medicis
18th century
-development of ba
Balli
-15th century
-Performed at Italian courts
-Required enormous amount of time and money
-Participation display of talent and power
Branle
-Men lined up behind the king and women lined up behind queen
-Strictly lined by rank
Danse a Deux
-Couple dances
-Couple dancing has not only reflected society's changing attitudes towards relations between sexes, but has foreshadowed them
-Hierarchal and only one couple at a time danced together
-Order defined by status
16th Century
-Golden Age of Renaissance
-Pavane
-Galliard
-Canari
-La Volta
Pavane
-From Spain
-Stately
-Stamping
-Picking up women and twirling
-A couple dancing together singing with music
-Coy dancers
Galliard
-An improvisation for skilled dancers
-Jumping and stamping
-Elbows bent, heads up, shoulders back
Canari
-Dialogue with feet
-Couple doing a little stamp-off
La Volta
-Queen's Elizabeth's favorite dance
-twirling and lifting women
-men with swords dance and jump around women
-sword play through dance
-women stops swordplay and dances
-"tassel kick" is a show of strength and agility of men
-champion wins women
18th Century
-Under rule of Louis XIV
-Minuet
-Folies d'Espagne
-Allemande
Minuet*
-Facing partners went through ritualized courtship
-Presenting hands to each other at arms length
-In S or Z formations
-Flirtatious glances
-Prancing with ballet-style dancing (pointed toes)
Folies d'Espagne
-starts slow but pace picks up
-set of variations for most skilled
-graceful
-on toes
Allemande
-holding hands, gracefully turning/twirling
-moving to and away from each other
-getting close but sharply moving away
-coy
-pace picks up, graceful but a little chaotic
Early 19th Century: Waltz Country Dance
-civilized and respectable dance
-line dances, for couples, show elaborate patterns
-graceful with ballet aspects (prancing)
-women in one line facing men in another line
-complex footwork requires rigorous training
-arms linked and dancing
-Hint: Think P
Mid 19th Century
-Quadrille
-Square Dance
-Hornpipe
Quadrille
-taken form English gentry
-couples dancing
-women with fans
Square Dance
-graceful
-whispering
-holding hands
-numerous patterns offer social interplay for up to 8 people
-role of gender switching
-coy, flirtatious
-dancing figures create geometrical keleidescope
Durang's Hornpipe
-two men with arms crossed and out, then palms flat on stomach
-inspired by sailor's activities
-very lively
-like Irish dancing
-pointed toes
Late 19th Century
-Polka
-Mazurka
-Waltz
-Games with Props
Polka
-bright Bohemian dance
-energetic frolic, graceful
-elaborate footwork
-everyone's in unison
Mazurka
-a display of expertise
-when women come together, it's the mens turn to show off, and vice versa
-turns into an energetic romp of speed but still graceful
The Grand March
-moving in patterns on stage
-women wave handkerchiefs at men
-waltzing represents the legacy of romantic dance
-all in circle holding hands
-exchange of partners
-circular patterns on stage separated by gender
Games with Props
-dancing with long scarves, more scarves get added on as the dance progresses
-remind me of the maypole dance
-they were doing this weird thing holding hands and twisting around each other...?
Ballroom Dancing
-place of courtship
-swept off your feet
-formal, steps exist apart from the people, and there is a right and wrong way to it
-different gender roles
-heterosexual couple
-couple dancing started in the early 19th century with the waltz
Waltz
-intimacy in dance
-men and women are face-to-face in each other's arms
-proper society was scandalized
-led to ballroom dancing
-must be done in the proper way, with proper people, and proper intentions
-students learning the waltz wear "uniforms