Female college students were randomly assigned to watch portions of a physically aggressive film, a relationally aggressive film, or a nonaggressive control film. The results showed that those women who watched the aggressive films were ______ aggressive
more
The definition of aggression excludes which of the following?
Unintentional harm
Pain as a result of helping someone
Social psychologists have proposed that aggression is caused by biological influences, frustration, and _____behavior
learned
Docile animals can be provoked into rage, and raging animals into submission, by stimulating the
hypothalamus
Jolie punches Aaron at the bar, but not because she's angry with him. Jolie is just trying to prove that she's "tough" so that everyone watching will be impressed. What kind of aggression is Jolie displaying?
instrumental
______aggression springs from anger with a goal a to injure, whereas_____ aggression aims to injure, but as a means to some other end.
Hostile
Instrumental
Aggressiveness varies among primates and humans, and one physical difference that predicts how aggressive people are is the reactivity of their ______.
sympathetic NS
Distant ancestors thought _____ behavior was a way to deter mates from sexual infidelity.
aggressive
No one spot of the brain controls aggression; however, it has been found that ______ systems in both animals and humans can facilitate aggressive behaviors.
neural
Our temperaments�how intense and reactive we are�are partly brought with us into the world, influenced by our _____ nervous system.
sympathetic
To lower aggression one should eat a diet
high in omega-3.
low in sweetened drinks.
low in trans fat.
When referring to aggression, testosterone may facilitate dominance and aggressiveness, and dominating behavior may also increase testosterone levels (in other words, the direction goes both ways). Thus, biology and behavior ______.
interact
Road rage is fed by perceptions of hostile intentions from other drivers and is a manifestation of _____ aggression.
frustration
People who have diets deficient in important nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids and calcium may show more ______ when referring to biology and behavior interactions.
impulsiveness
Fans of winning soccer and rugby teams commit _____ post game assaults than do fans of the losing team.
more
Frustration aggression theory is designed to explain hostile aggression but not ______.
instrumental aggression
______ deprivation describes how frustration may arise due to the gap between expectations and attainment.
relative
According to the book, what home appliance or tool is the most likely to lead people to feelings of frustration?
TV
Theories of aggression that are based on frustration and instinct assume that hostile urges come from ______ emotions.
inner
Frustration aggression theory is designed to explain __________________ aggression, not instrumental aggression.
hostile
deprivation explains why happiness tends to be lower and crime rates higher in countries with more income inequality.
relative
Which of the following are considered a major source of frustration?
Commercials
Television
When considering theories of instinct and frustration, these theories assume that hostile urges come from ______.
inner emotions
learning theory states that we learn aggression from observing others
social
Researchers found that physical pain heightens aggression and that _______ pain does as well
psychological
Select all of the following that can cause aggressive behaviors.
Cigarette odor
Heat
Air pollution
Ethics are an important part of all research, especially when it comes to topics such as the effects of viewing pornography. One thing that researchers do after the experiment is to effectively ______ any myths the film may have communicated.
debunk
According to the text, there are three ways that viewing violent television affects behavior: it produces arousal, it disinhibits, and it evokes
imitation
Research indicates that video games are ______ teaching tools.
excellent
The more violent the video game played, the bigger the effects and the greater the gamer's after-game
hostility and arousal..
One reason why playing video games may have a more toxic effect than watching television is because video games are
active
Which of the following is NOT an effect of playing violent video games?
Improved concentration
One criticism of the research on violent video games is that from 1996 to 2006, when violent video games sales were _____ , real-life youth violence was
increasing
decreasing
True or false: Punishment can have negative side effects and is considered an aversive stimulation.
true
Select all of the following that have decreased in the United States.
Corporal punishments
Lynchings
Rapes
Hate crimes