Geography
Study of spatial interactions of humans and their environment and
with each other
Eratosthenes
Divided the earth into 5 climate regions
Herodotus
Wrote about customs lands and people
Strabo
Wrote about countries and there world and their differences
Ptolemy
Adopted the map grid of latitude and longitude based on 360
Immanuel Kant
Understanding facts relative to spatial relationships and created
theological geography
Paul Vidal de La Blanche
Suggested that humans were dominant force shaping the form of the environment
Carl Sauer
How culture landscapes are made up of the forms superimposed by
physical landscapes
Place
A specific point on Earth with a particular characteristics
Region
An area distinguished by a combination of physical and cultural
Scale
Relationship between a portion of Earth and Earth as whole
Space
Physical gap or interval between 2 objects
Connection
Relationships among people and objects across the barriers of space
Cartography
Map making
Map Scale
How much of Earth's surface to depict on the map
Projection
How to transfer the spherical Earth to a flat map
Meridian
Is an arc drawn between North and south poles
Prime Meridian
Royal observation at Greenwich, England
International Date Line
Opposite the prime meridian, its 180 degrees longitude
Latitude Lines
East to West
Longitude
North to South
Universal Time
Which is the time at the prime meridian is the master reference time
for all points on Earth
Remote Sensing
Acquisition of data from satellite obtaining Earth of from long
distance methods
Global Positioning System (GPS)
A system that accurately determines that precise position of
something on Earth using 2 dozen satellites
Geographic Information System GIS)
A computer system that captures, stores, queries, analyzes and
displays geographic data is used to create maps
Mash-Ups
The practice of overlaying data from one source on top of one of the
mapping service
Toponym
the name given to a place on Earth, can also tell us the history
Site
The physical feature of a place (climate, water sources)
Situation
The location of a place relative to other places
Functional Region
Also called Nodal region, organized around the focal point. Non-homogenous
Formal Region
Uniform or a homogeneous region, an area in w/in which everyone
shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics
Vernacular Region
or Perceptual region, is a place that people believe exists as part
of their cultural identity
Scale
is an increasingly important concept in geography
Global
Encompasses the world, created unique features
Local
City or neighborhood creates unique features
Globalization
the force or precess that involves the entires world and results in
the making something world-wide in scope
Density
The frequency with which something occurs in space
Concentration
The extent of a feature's spread over space
Pattern
The geometric arrangement of objects in space
Diffusion
The process by which a characteristic spreads across spaces form one
place to another over time
Hearth
The pace from which an innovation originates
Relocation
High spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one
place to another
Expansion Diffusion
Is the spread of feature from one pace to another in an additive process
Hierarchal Diffusion
Spreads from powerful people or larger places to smaller places or
less powerful people
Contiguous Diffusion
Rapid, widespread diffusion
Stimulus Difffusion
acceptance of an underlying principle even though a specific
characteristic maybe rejected
Spatial Interaction
When places are connected to each other through a network
Atmosphere
Thin layer of gases surrounding the earth
Hydrosphere
all of the water on or near the earth's surface
lithosphere
Earth's crust and a portion of the upper mantle directly below the crust
Ecosystem
Is a group of living organisms and the abiotic sphere with which they interact
Ecology
Scientific study of ecosystems
Cultural Ecology
How people adjust to their environments
Environmental Determinism
19th-20th century belief that the environment caused humans development
Environmental Possibilism
Is the idea that the environment may set limits on human activity