Attempts to Monopolize
The use of certain business practices with the intent to gain market share by excluding competitors and thereby gain monopoly power
Bid Rigging
An agreement among firms to not bid against one another or to submit a certain level of bid.
Conglomerate Merger
A merger in which a company merges with another company that is not a competitor or a buyer or seller to the company
Consent Decree
An agreement that binds the violating party to cease his or her illegal behavior
Efficiency
The economic principle of getting the most output from the least input
Exclusive-Dealing Contract
An agreement in which a seller requires that a buyer buy products supplied only by that seller
Geographic Market
An area in which a company competes with others in the relevant product market
Horizontal Division of Market
an agreement between two or more competitors to divide markets among themselves by geography, customers, or products
Horizontal Merger
A merger between two or more competitors producing the same or similar products
Horizontal Restraint of Trade
An agreement between two competitors in the same market to engage in a practice that restrains trade
Market Power
The ability to control price and drive competitors out of the market
Market Share
A firm's fractional share of the relevant market
Meeting-the-Competition Defense
A defense to the Clayton Act in which a firm engages in price discrimination to compete in good faith with another seller's low price
Merger
A combination of two or more corporations in which only one of the corporations continues to exist
Monopoly Power
The ability to control price and drive competitors out of the market
Per Se Violations
An action that by its very existence carries with it liability, as opposed to an action that violates a rule of reason
Predatory Pricing
The practice in which a company prices one product below normal cost until competitors are eliminated and then it sharply increases the price