Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that "separate but equal" segregation was not equal in public education
Bush v. Gore (2000)
U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that states cannot violate the Equal Protection Clause under the Fourteenth Amendment when conducting election recounts
executive privilege
the belief that the conversations between the president and his aides are confidential
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the Sixth Amendment right that all defendants must be appointed a lawyer if they cannot afford their own attorney
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1987)
U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that the First Amendment does not protect all types of student speech in school
In re Gault (1966)
U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that juvenile court must follow the Fourteenth Amendment
juvenile
a person under the age of 18 years old
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that "separate but equal" segregation was not discrimination
symbolic speech
an action that expresses an idea
Tinker v. Des Moines (1968)
U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld a student's First Amendment right to engage in symbolic speech in school
United States v. Nixon (1974)
U.S. Supreme Court case that limited executive privilege
civil rights
the basic rights of citizens to be free from unequal treatment based on certain characteristics (e.g., race, gender, disability)
judicial review
the power of the judicial branch to review the actions of the executive and legislative branches and determine whether or not they are unconstitutional (this includes laws passed by Congress); the U.S. Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison established thi
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
U.S. Supreme Court case that established judicial review
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
U.S. Supreme Court cases that upheld the Fifth Amendment protection from self-incrimination
segregation
the separation of people, such as segregation based on race
discriminate
to treat a person or group unfairly based on their race, religion, gender, disability, or other reasons
Equal Protection Clause
the section of the 14th Amendment that says that states must apply the law equally and cannot discriminate against citizens or groups of citizens
self-incrimination
the right in the 5th Amendment that protects a person from being forced to tell the police, prosecutor, judge, or jury any information that might subject him or her to criminal prosecution
presidential appointment
the power of the US President to choose members of his or her cabinet, ambassadors to other nations, and other officials in his or her administration
unconstitutional
not in agreement with the US Constitution
due process
the right of people accused of crimes to have laws that treat them fairly, so that they cannot lose their life or freedom without having their legal rights protected
checks and balances
a principle of the federal government, according to the Constitution, that allows each branch of government to limit the power of the other branches
separate but equal
the concept that having separate facilities for African-American and white people was not illegal as long as the facilities were equal, from Plessy v. Ferfuson
freedom of expression
the rights included in the 1st Amendment of the freedoms RAPPS
rights of the accused
the rights include in the 4th, 5th, and 6th Amendments including protection from unreasonable search and seizure, double jeopardy, and self-incrimination, the right to due process, right to a speedy and public trial, trial by jury, the right to be informe