4th amendment
protects against unreasonable search and seizure (4 syllables)
5th amendment
due process of law, double jeopardy, self-incrimination (i plead the fifth)
6th amendment
lawyer, fair and speedy trial (race car)
7th amendment
sue of $20
8th amendment
bail, cruel and unusual punishment
party filing a lawsuit
plaintiff
the individual or group being accused of a crime
defendant
a previous case of legal decision that may be followed in similar cases
precedent
the law of relationships between individuals and the government
public law
violating a federal law
treason
reasonable grounds
probable cause
question in a court of law to discredit the testimony already given
cross examine
defendant files a written answer admitting or denying plaintiff's claims
pleadings (complaint + answer)
restrains a person from beginning or continuing an action threatening the legal right of another
injunction
being disobedient to court
contempt of court
a collection of 282 laws; set a specific punishment for each offense
code of hammurabi
a young person
juvenile
committing criminal acts or offenses by a young person
juvenile delinquent
re-integration into society of a convicted person
rehabilitate
negotiated agreement between the defendant and a prosecutor where the defendant pleads "guilty" and is given a lesser charge
plea bargain
act that singles out an individual or group for punishment without a trial
bill of attainder
court order to a person or agency holding someone in custody to show a valid reason as to why their holding them
writ of habeas corpus
names defendant, gives reasons for lawsuit, and asks the court to award damages or take another action
complaint
document listing charges
summons (shows complaint)
attorneys exchange information about the case and take depositions
discovery
to make a decision based on what is fair, decision is final
arbitrator
hear the evidence and suggest a decision, suggestion doesn't have to be accepted
mediator
what judge decides, can be appealed, must be unanimous
verdict (judgement)
both sides present what their case is
opening statement (introduction)
at the end of the case, summary of their case
closing arguments
all 12 judges have to say guilty; only for criminal cases
unanimous decision
less serious offense, such as vandalism or stealing expensive items
misdemeanor
serious crimes, such as murder, rape, and robbery
felony
hears evidence of the case and determines if there is sufficient evidence to warrant a trail
grand jury
hears all evidence in the case and deliberates to determine the verdict
jury or petit jury
the highest judicial court in the country
supreme court
highest appellate court in NC
NC supreme court
federal trial court
district courts
a court that reviews decisions made in lower district courts
appeals court
operate at city or town level, enforce city or town laws
police
operate in a county, run the jail for the county, and enforce county laws
sheriff
police at the state level that enforce state laws
state troopers
federal police who investigate crimes against America
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)
protect president and other elected officials
secret service
judge who sets bail and explains charges against defendant
magistrate
represents the people of the city where the crime was committed, prosecutes the defendant
district attorney
on plaintiff, lies with the prosecution, must prove innocent until proven guilty
burden of proof
Who appoints federal judges?
President
who approves the presidents federal judges appointments
senate
what are the 3 levels of federal courts
supreme - appeals - district
which federal court has original jurisdiction
district
what are the 4 levels of state courts
supreme - superior - appeals - district
what is the goal for all prisoners - juvenile and adult
rehabilitate
what are the reasons for filing a civil suit
contract, money, negligent, pain/suffering
what must police have to make an arrest
probable cause or a search warrant
state laws are explained in their
penal code
the virginia house of burgesses set up what form of government
representative democracy which lead to the development of our legal system
what is the original document that limited power of rulers
magna carta
administrative law deals with what branch of government
executive
what type of law is it where you tell lies
libel - civil law