county clerk
a senior official of county government
home rule
in state government it allows an area or county to govern itself without much interference from the state government
incorporate
to make a company, city, or other organization a legal corporation.
metropolitan area
a densely populated area or city and its surrounding area
ordinance
a law or regulation especially of a city or town
sheriff
an official of a county who is in charge of enforcing the law
superintendent
a person who directs or manages something such as a school system
township
a unit of local government in some northeastern and north central states
District Attorney
the head prosecuting officer of a town
Mayor
an official elected to act as head of a city or borough
Florida Constitution
Florida's plan for state government including 12 articles and a declaration of rights and amendments. Much longer than the US Constitution
Florida Declaration of Rights
Florida's bill of rights, 27 rights are listed including free speech, religion, bear arms
statute
A written law enacted by the legislative branch of a state or federal government.
Supreme law of the land (Supremacy Clause)
The U.S. Constitution provides that no one is above the law.
executive
the chief officer of a government, state or political division.
federalism
a system of government where power is divided between the federal and state governments.
concurrent powers
powers shared by the State and Federal governments.
enumerated powers
aka delegated powers, powers given to the federal government by the Constitution.
reserved powers
powers which are given to the states and are not listed in the U.S. Constitution
implied powers
are not listed in the Constitution but can be based on it. The president, as commander in chief, may send troops in response to a serious crisis.
delegated powers
aka enumerated powers, powers given to the federal government by the Constitution.
emergency powers
broad powers exercised by the president during times of national crisis
Preamble to the Florida Constitution
We the People of Florida . . . . do ordain . . . . Very similar to the Preamble of the US Constitution
services
human needs such as water and electricity
Absolute monarchy
a monarchy that is not limited or restrained by laws or a constitution
anarchy
a state of lawlessness, confusion, or disorder
autocracy
government in which one person has unlimited power (Not monarchy or dictatorship).
communism
a system of government in which a single party controls state-owned farms and factories with the aim of establishing a classless society
confederal system
the federal government and the state governments share powers and the states keep most of the power
direct democracy
citizens vote on everything that needs to be done in society, usually works in small areas
federal system
the federal and state governments share power and the federal government maintains supreme power
constitutional monarchy
rule by a king or queen whose power is limited by a constitution
Parliamentary system
system of government where the lawmaking body selects the prime minister who is the head of government but not the head of state
Prime Minister
the head of the government in the parliamentary system
oligarchy
a government in which a small group exercises control
representative democracy
government where the people rule and they elect people to represent them
socialism
a social system that tries to eliminate classes with shared ownership, the government is less controlling than a communist government
Unitary system
a system of political organization in which most or all of the governing power resides in a centralized government
Dictatorship
rule, control, or leadership by one person with total power (not a monarchy or autocracy)
Totalitarianism
of or relating to a political system in which the government has complete control over the people
International Red Cross (NGO)
An international organization, founded to care for those who were wounded, sick, or homeless in wartime. Today, it also attends to victims of natural disasters.
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
a trade agreement between the United States, Mexico and Canada in 1993.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
an organization formed in 1949, including Democratic countries as a defense against communist aggression.
Warsaw Pact
military alliance of communist nations in eastern Europe. Organized in 1955 in response to NATO.
United Nations (UN)
intergovernmental organization established in 1945, to promote international co-operation after World War 2, (peacekeepers)
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
a division of the UN dedicated to protecting the children of the world.
World Court aka International Court of Justice (UN)
A division of the United Nations that settles legal disputes submitted to it by member nations
World Trade Organization (WTO)
is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations
alliances
a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.
ambassadors
an accredited diplomat sent by a country as its official representative to a foreign country.
contemporary
living or occurring at the same time.
domestic affairs
events or affairs that happen within the country.
economics
having to do with money or wealth
embassy
the official residence or offices of an ambassador.
Agencies
a part of a government that manages projects in a certain area
funds
a sum of money for a special purpose
issue
a point of debate or controversy
coroner
a public officer whose chief duty is to discover the causes of any death possibly not due to natural causes
county
a division of a state or of a country for local government
city council
the legislative body that governs a city
human rights
rights that are believed to belong justifiably to every person.
trade ban
is the partial or complete prohibition of trade with a particular country or a group of countries a.k.a. an embargo.
foreign affairs
matters that do not involve the homeland
foreign policy
Plan of action adopted by one nation in regards to its diplomatic dealings with other countries
military operation
activity by a military or naval force .
Secretary of State
one of the ranking positions in the president's cabinet, the secretary of state is the president's principal foreign policy adviser.
State Department
is part of the Executive Branch of government and is principally responsible for foreign affairs and foreign trade.
international relations
study of the relations among states and other political and economic units in the international system
diplomat
someone, such as an ambassador, who has been appointed to represent a government in its relations with other governments.
Transfer
The act of relating something or someone we like or respect with a product. Symbols are constantly used in this form.
Testimonial
The use of well known, respected people to endorse a product or service.
Glittering Generalities
The act of referring to words or ideas that evoke a positive emotional response from an audience. Virtue words are often used.
Plain Folks
The use of everyday people to sell a product or service. Speakers in ads appear to make the person to be one of the people.
Bandwagon
Attempts to persuade the target audience to take a course of action, "Everyone else is taking." "Join the crowd." This technique reinforces peoples natural desire to be on the winning side.
Name Calling
The use of names that evoke fear or hatred in the viewer. This technique links a person or idea to a negative symbol.
Card Stacking
Strategy of showing the product's best features. Telling half-truths and emitting or lying about it's potential problems.
Symbolism
Cartoonists use simple objects, or symbols, to stand for larger concepts or ideas. After you identify the symbols in a cartoon, think about what the cartoonist means each symbol to stand for.
Bay of Pigs
Failed CIA operation in April 1961 to overthrow Castro and take over Cuba using Cuban exiles.
Cuban Missile Crisis
A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of nuclear missile sites in Cuba.
Gulf War
1991 Iraq's Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait & is ousted by a US-led force under Bush
Iran Hostage Crisis
a group of Iranians overran the American embassy in Iran and took 52 hostages
for 444 days; US hostages finally released
Korean War
(1950 - 53) was a war between South Korea, supported by the USA (stopping the spread of communism), and North Korea, at one time supported by China and the Soviet Union.
terrorism
is the systematic use of extreme fear, often violent, especially as a means of coercion.
Vietnam War
1965 - 1974 War fought in Vietnam; US helped South Vietnam vs. communist North Vietnam. Vietnam is now communist.
World War I
(1914 to 1918) between the Allies,led by Britain and France and the Central Powers led by Germany. US entered the war after German U-boats sunk the Lusitania and the allies won.
World War II
A war fought from 1939 to 1945 between the Axis powers � Germany, Italy, and Japan � and the Allies, including France and Britain, and later the Soviet Union and the United States. Entered due to Pearl Harbor.
The Cold War
An all-out political, economic and social struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union
September 11, 2001
The date of major terrorist attacks on the United States (NY, PA, and VA). The attack was planned by Osama Bin Laden and Al Quaeda.
Department of Homeland Security
US federal agency created in 2002 to coordinate national efforts against terrorism
Patriot Act
2001 law that gave federal agents new authority to stop terrorism, greatly limits citizens privacy.