IDEA Definition of Speech or Language Impairment
A communication disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation, language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance.
Communication
Requires a message, a sender, a receiver, and a channel
5 Components of Language
Phonology--Morphology--Syntax--Form
Semantics--Content
Pragmatics--Function
Language Disorders
Specific language impairment
Language delay
Aphasia
Central Auditory Processing Disorder
Elements of Speech
Voice--Pitch,Intensity, Quality
Resonance
Articulation
Fluency
Prevalence of Speech Language Disorders
2:1 boys than girls
Causes of Speech Language Disorders
Biological--physical causes, emotional causes, brain injury, heredity
Environmental Causes--neglect or abuse, poverty, malnutrition
Cognitive and Academic Characteristics
Problems occur across the entire range of cognitive abilities
Problems may profoundly affect a student's learning
High risk of reading difficulties for students with speech and language delays
Social and Emotional Characteristics
Students may have low self-esteem
Students may experience social isolation
Students may develop behavior problems
Speech Assessments
Formal tests of articulation
Spontaneous language samples
Developmental history
Examination of mouth, teeth, palate
Language Assessments
Formal and informal assessments
Samples of student's written schoolwork
Observations in classroom and other settings
Precautions necessary when assessing students whose first language is not English
Eligibility Questions
Does student have significant delay or difference in speech/language for her age?
Does student's speech/language adversely affect educational performance?
Can student benefit from special education intervention?
AAC
Augmentative and alternative communication
---Unaided__sign language
---Aided___depends on equipment or materials
__________communication board, computer with speech processor, word prediction software
The First Formal Training Programs For Speech/Language Pathologists Were Established In The
1930s
In IDEA, which term is used to describe individuals with communication disorders?
Communication Disorder
The first training programs for speech/language pathologists were established in the
1930s
In IDEA, Which term is used to describe individuals with communication disorders
Speech or Language impairment
Jason is 3 years old and seems to understand everything that is said to him. However, he cannot produce language in order to communicate. Which of the following are true
Jason has good receptive language, but poor expressive lang
Communication
The exchange of information and knowledge among participants
Misha is a 3-year old who has just began talking. She has a vocabulary of approximately twenty words. She has language but has acquired it at a much slower rate than children her age. This is called
Language Delay
CAPD
Central Auditory Processing Disorder
Researchers estimate what percentage of children in first grade have a speech disorder
5%
Children with speech and language disorders
Are at an academic disadvantage almost from the time they begin school
Children who have significant speech or language delays are at higher risk for experiencing
Reading difficulties
Reading difficulties can be directly related to students
All of the above
Researcher found that the intensity of language disorders for students with emotional and behavior disorders
Increases as students get older
Students with speech and language disorders struggle socially and emotionally because
They may be the target of peer teasing
A speech disorder is characterized as
A problem with articulation, voice, resonance, or fluency
An example of a spontaneous language sample is
Engaging students in a conversation
A speech/language pathologist's assessment methods include
All of the above
An example of informal measures used in identifying students with language impairments is
Parent and teacher interviews
Language assessments may include
All
Benefit of eliminating distractions for the young children
Pullout
The way in which speech-language services are implemented depends on
The nature of the disability
The most appropriate setting in which student can learn speech and language skills and practice them is
General education classroom
Which is specialized intervention that students with speech and language disordrs may need
Articulation therapy
ASHA
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
Benjamin is a high schools student
Aided AAC
One caution when using technology for older students is that
Age-appropriate programs should be used
Professionals can assist parents in effectively interacting with their children with speech and language disordres by
Increasing parent awareness and understanding of speech and language development
The structure of language and rules that govern it refers to
Dialect
Examples of cultural factors that may affect language are
Accent and dialect
Code switching occurs when
Students use Standard English when it's appropriate and idalect with family and community
Warren is a very bright and athletic
CAPD
In the U.S., the firs textbook on speech disorders was published by SCL Potter
True
Syntax is a set of rules that determines the order in which words are used
True
It is easy to generalize the cognitive characteristics of students with speech and language disorders
False
Experts estimate that prevalence of language disorders among female juvenile delinquents is there times greater than in the rest of the population
True
Parents need to be involved in a child's speech and language development skills
True
What does it mean if someone has the ability to code switch? What culture
Switching from Standard English to other dialect
African American
What is central auditory processing and why is it such a controversial topic among professionals
CAP- brain does not effectively interpret the auditory information that comes from their ears
Some view it instead as related to ADHD, LD, or specific language impairment
What are two ways that professional can assist parents in enhancing parent awareness and understanding of speech and language disorders?
Have a summer "sound camp" phonemic awareness
Show how to use small steps and implement them in home-based activities.
What is the difference between aided and unaided augmentative and alternative communication(AAC)
Aided depend on equipment and unaided don't require equipment
Why is collaboration between speech/language pathologists and teachers important?
General and special education teachers need to keep speech/language pathologists informed about critical curriculum topics being addressed and problems that they observe in students. SLP's need to initiate conversation to discuss needs of student.
What are the three reasons that support the significance of early intervention for students with speech and language disorders?
The earlier the intervention, the more likely the problem will be solved, Services can be intense, Notion of intensity
What is the difference between expressive and receptive language
Expressive- production of language
Receptive: comprehension of language
What types of reading difficulties do students with speech and language disorders experience
Learning to sound out words, adding prefixes or suffixes, no rhythm
What precaution must be taken when assessing a student whose first language is not English for speech and communication disorders?
Directions no confusing, test must be developed for use with the students to whom is being administered.
What are three examples of articulation disorders?
Omissions, Substitutions, addition
In what ways have interventions for children with speech and language disorders changed from the beginning of the 20th century to today? How did the passage of P.L 94-142 influence the interventions of speech and language services currently being practice
Emphasis on treatment for children expands again, blending speech, language, and the context for communication
Research in speech/language area recognizes the importance of and studies the communication partner.
Caseloads significantly reduced because of
What are some of the academic, social, and behavior characteristics of students with speech and language disorders? Which of these categories do you feel has the most affect on students' academic success? Support with information from the text and persona
Academic: may struggle with communicating, not advance as quickly as the school system would like. Reading
Social: I like participating in class, but when I'm answering questions (and stutter) I always hear whispers of people giggling. Not understand word
How are students with speech and language disorders identified? Do you feel the formal or informal assessments used for identifying students with communication disorders are most effective?
Some students are not able to clearly distinguish among the words being spoken because they cannot discriminate among similar sounds. Several types of assessments. pg 279`
Compare and contrast the traditional approach to early speech and language interventions with inclusive practices. Which approach do you feel is more effective in treating students with communication disorders?
Having a pull-out with the pathologist. pg 282 Having them in the room although it could be distracting
Why is speaking with parents from diverse groups about student's speech and language needs challenging
PG 291