Phylum Dinoflagellates
important primary producers, light producing, can release toxins in large predators (ciguetera poisoning)
Phylum Porifera
the sponges; act as living pumps: drawing water in then expelling it. Reproduce sexually and asexually. Has a larvae stage.
Phylum Cnidaria
Radiata. Stinging cells. 5 cell types - epithelio-muscle, interstitial cells, mucous secreting cells, body wall (epidermis and gastric dermis). Polyp - sessile form. Medusa - planktonic form (jellyfish). Nematocytes - use for prey capture/defense
Phylum Annelida
free living, tube dwelling (filter feeders), secrete their own tube, burrow into substrate.
Phylum Mollusca
clam, oysters, snails, slugs, octopuses, squid.
Why squid or octopus are perfect predators?
well developed eye sight and large brain, camoflauge, speed up to 30 mph, strong beak and venom, suction cups on multiple arms, large body size
Phylum Arthropoda - Subphylum Crustacea
60,000-65,000 species. Fused head and thorax, dioecious, need to molt. Shrimp, crabs, lobsters, krill, barnacles, PLANKTON!
Phylum Echinodermata
External fertilization (free floating larval stage), most are pentaradial symmetrical, regenerate lost limbs, bilateral @ first and then dev. pentaradial symmetry.
Phylum Chordata
important in study of evolution of invertebrates, notochord is present, free living larvae stage. Subphylum - urochordata, cephalochordata, vertebrata.
Vertebrate (fish)
cranium and nerve chord. Enclosed in cartilage and bone.
Why are sharks the ultimate predator?
well developed sense of smell and hearing, excellent eye sight, well developed lateral line, ampullae of lorenzini.