Atria
the two upper chambers of the heart- the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.
Ventricles
the two lower chambers of the heart, and they pump blood out to the lungs and body.
Pulmonary Artery
one of two arteries (branches of the pulmonary trunk) that carry venous blood from the heart to the lungs
Aorta
The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.
Vena Cava
either of two large veins that return oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium of the heart
Coronary Arteries
the two arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle
Atrioventricular Valves
Separate the atria and the ventricles. Right sided tricuspid, left sided mitral
Semi-lunar valves
connected to the left and right aortic valves & allow blood out of the heart; prevents back flow of blood.
Myogenic Contraction
This term means that the heart beats on its own, the muscle itself starts the contraction, not any type of innervation
Sinoatrial Node/ Pacemaker
located in the R atrium, sends out electrical impulses that spread out over the muscles in the atria that allow them to contract and push blood into the ventricles
Atrioventricular Node
neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His
Arteries
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Veins
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Capillaries
tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body
Systole
the contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery
Diastole
the widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood
Atherosclerosis
condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries
Blood
The thick, red fluid that flows through the body's blood vessels and transports gases, nutrients, wastes, and other important substances around the body. Blood also plays roles in body temperature regulation.
Plasma
colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Don't play a role in defense; Just CARRY O?and CO?
Leucocytes
white blood cells
Thrombosis
abnormal condition of a blood clot
Myocardial Infarction
destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle
Arteries
have a thick wall to withstand high pressures; thick outer layer of longitudinal collagen and elastic fibers to avoid bulges and leaks; thick layers of circular elastic and muscle fibers to help pump the blood on after each heart beat; narrow lumen to hel
Veins
thin layers with a few circular elastic and muscle fibers because blood does not flow in pulses so the wall cannot help pump it; wide lumen is needed to accommodate the slow-flowing blood; thin wall allows it to be pressed flat by adjacent muscles, helpin
Capillaries
wall consists of a single layer of thin cells so the distance for diffusion in or out is small; pores between cells in the wall allow some of the plasma to leak out and form tissue fluid; phagocytes can also squeeze out; very narrow lumen; many have a lar
Heartbeat
controlled by myogenic muscle contraction, the role of the pacemaker, nerves, the medulla of the brain and epinephrine (adrenaline)
Blood
composed of plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes (phagocytes and lymphocytes), and platlets
Nutrients, oxygen, CO2, hormones, antibodies, urea, and heat
are transported by the blood
Phagocytic leucocytes
ingest pathogens in the blood and in body tissues
Clotting
the mechanism that prevents blood loss from broken blood vessels
Platelets
damaged cells of blood vessel releases chemicals which stimulate these molecules to adhere to the damaged area in order to form a plug
Clotting factors
released by damaged tissue and platelets in order for prothrombin to convert to thrombin
Blood plasma
blood that enters the glomerulus; originally from renal artery and no filtering or reabsorption has yet occurred
Atrial systole
contraction of the wall of the atrium; happens when ventricle is already 70% full; the contraction of the atrium pumps more blood into the ventricle, filling it to its maximum capacity before the start of ventricular systole
Ventricular systole
contraction of the ventricle wall causes a rapid increase in pressure inside the ventricle; causes closure of the atrioventricular valve with resulting vibrations in the valve and adjacent walls of the heart; these vibrations are the first heart sound; th
Ventricular diastole
relaxation of the ventricle wall causes pressure in the ventricle to fall below the pressure in the aorta; the semi-lunar valve therefore closes, with the resulting vibrations that are the cause of the 2nd heart sound; when the pressure in the ventricle f
Atherosclerosis
a degenerative disease of large and medium sized arteries
Coronary thrombosis
when a coronary artery or one of its main branches becomes blocked
Which vein brings blood into the right atria?
Vena Cava
Which vein brings blood into the left atria?
Pulmonary Vein
Which artery takes blood out of the right ventricle?
Pulmonary Artery
Which artery takes blood out of the left ventricle?
Aorta
The valves between atriums and ventricles are called...
Atrioventricular Valves (AV valves)
The valves between the ventricles and their arteries are called...
Semi-lunar valves
What is the function of arteries?
To transport oxygenated blood away from the heart.
*exception: pulmonary artery transports deoxygenated blood away from the heart
What is the function of veins?
To transport deoxygenated blood to the heart
What are the three stages of systole and which valves are open at which stage?
Diastole (heart is relaxed): AV valves are open, semi-lunar valves are closed. Atrial systole (LUBB): AV valves are open, semi-lunar valves are closed. (DUBB) AV valves are closed, semi-lunar valves are open.