(9.2.1) Outline how the root system provides a large surface area for mineral ion and water uptake by means of branching and root hairs
Plants take in water and essential minerals through their roots; thus need a large surface area in order to optimize the uptake. The 'extensive' branching of the roots and the growth of root hairs allows for the plant to increase its mineral ion absorptio
(9.2.2) List ways in which mineral ions in the soil move to the root.
Minerals move into the root system by the following pathways-
-Mass Flow: of water carrying ions
-Diffusion: Movement of minerals along a concentration gradient.
-Fungal Hyphae: They absorb minerals from the soil and exchange this with sugars from the pla
(9.2.3) Explain the process of mineral ion absorption from the soil into roots by Active Transport.
The concentration of mineral ions inside the plant's roots is a lot higher than that found in the soil. Thus, mineral ions have to be transported into the roots by active transport.
Protein pumps exist in the plasma membranes of root cells. Many types exi
(9.2.4) State that terrestrial plants support themselves by means of thickened cellulose, cell turgor and lignified xylem.
Terrestrial plants support themselves by means of thickened cellulose, cell turgor and lignified xylem.
(9.2.5) Define the term, 'transpiration'.
Transpiration- the loss of water (evaporation) through the stomata of green plant leaves and stems.
(9.2.6) Explain how water is carried by the transpiration system, including the structure of xylem vessels, transpiration pull, cohesion, adhesion and evaporation. [EDIT!]
Water moves down concentration gradients - the spaces within the leaf have a high concentration of water vapor. Water moves from this location to the atmosphere which has a lower water concentration.
The water lost by transpiration is then replaced by wat
(9.2.7) State that guard cells can regulate transpiration by opening and closing of the stomata.
Guard cells can regulate transpiration by opening and closing of the stomata."
Guard cells line the stomata and regulate transpiration- by controlling how much water vapor can exit the leaf. When the stomata is open, the rate of transpiration will be hig
(9.2.8) State that the plant hormone abscisic acid causes the closing of the stomata.
Plant hormone, abscisic acid, causes the closing of the stomata.
(9.2.9) Explain how the abiotic factors light, temperature, wind and humidity affect transpiration in a typical terrestrial plant.
Light - Rate of transpiration is greater when light is available, as stomata tend to close in the dark.
Wind - Wind increases transpiration rate by removing the humidity around the leaf produced by transpiration.
Humidity - Water diffuses out of the leaf,
(9.2.10) Outline 4 adaptations of xerophytes that help to reduce transpiration.
'Xerophytes' are plants that can tolerate dry conditions- such as deserts- because of the following adaptions:
1.Reduced surface area of the plant (leaves) - reduces water loss and transpiraton
2. Thick waxy cuticle covering the epidermis- prevents water
(9.2.11) Outline the role of phloem in active translocation of sugars (sucrose) and amino acids from source (photosynthetic tissue and storage organs) to sink (fruit, seeds, roots).
'Phloem tissue' transports sugars and amino acids from sources (photosynthetic tissue-leaves and stems- and storage organs) to sinks which include the fruits, seeds and roots of the plant.
This 'transportation method' is known as Active Translocation and
(9.2.1) Outline how the root system provides a large surface area for mineral ion and water uptake by means of branching and root hairs
Plants take in water and essential minerals through their roots; thus need a large surface area in order to optimize the uptake. The 'extensive' branching of the roots and the growth of root hairs allows for the plant to increase its mineral ion absorptio
(9.2.2) List ways in which mineral ions in the soil move to the root.
Minerals move into the root system by the following pathways-
-Mass Flow: of water carrying ions
-Diffusion: Movement of minerals along a concentration gradient.
-Fungal Hyphae: They absorb minerals from the soil and exchange this with sugars from the pla
(9.2.3) Explain the process of mineral ion absorption from the soil into roots by Active Transport.
The concentration of mineral ions inside the plant's roots is a lot higher than that found in the soil. Thus, mineral ions have to be transported into the roots by active transport.
Protein pumps exist in the plasma membranes of root cells. Many types exi
(9.2.4) State that terrestrial plants support themselves by means of thickened cellulose, cell turgor and lignified xylem.
Terrestrial plants support themselves by means of thickened cellulose, cell turgor and lignified xylem.
(9.2.5) Define the term, 'transpiration'.
Transpiration- the loss of water (evaporation) through the stomata of green plant leaves and stems.
(9.2.6) Explain how water is carried by the transpiration system, including the structure of xylem vessels, transpiration pull, cohesion, adhesion and evaporation. [EDIT!]
Water moves down concentration gradients - the spaces within the leaf have a high concentration of water vapor. Water moves from this location to the atmosphere which has a lower water concentration.
The water lost by transpiration is then replaced by wat
(9.2.7) State that guard cells can regulate transpiration by opening and closing of the stomata.
Guard cells can regulate transpiration by opening and closing of the stomata."
Guard cells line the stomata and regulate transpiration- by controlling how much water vapor can exit the leaf. When the stomata is open, the rate of transpiration will be hig
(9.2.8) State that the plant hormone abscisic acid causes the closing of the stomata.
Plant hormone, abscisic acid, causes the closing of the stomata.
(9.2.9) Explain how the abiotic factors light, temperature, wind and humidity affect transpiration in a typical terrestrial plant.
Light - Rate of transpiration is greater when light is available, as stomata tend to close in the dark.
Wind - Wind increases transpiration rate by removing the humidity around the leaf produced by transpiration.
Humidity - Water diffuses out of the leaf,
(9.2.10) Outline 4 adaptations of xerophytes that help to reduce transpiration.
'Xerophytes' are plants that can tolerate dry conditions- such as deserts- because of the following adaptions:
1.Reduced surface area of the plant (leaves) - reduces water loss and transpiraton
2. Thick waxy cuticle covering the epidermis- prevents water
(9.2.11) Outline the role of phloem in active translocation of sugars (sucrose) and amino acids from source (photosynthetic tissue and storage organs) to sink (fruit, seeds, roots).
'Phloem tissue' transports sugars and amino acids from sources (photosynthetic tissue-leaves and stems- and storage organs) to sinks which include the fruits, seeds and roots of the plant.
This 'transportation method' is known as Active Translocation and