CHANGE MANAGEMENT
The process of requesting, determining attainability, planning, implementing, and evaluating of changes to a system
COMPATABILITY
if certain software that runs on one of the models can also be run on all other models of the family.
LEGACY SYSTEMS
A computer system or application program which continues to be used because of the cost of replacing or redesigning it and often despite its poor competitiveness and compatibility with modern equivalents.
REMOTE HOST
A computer that resides in some distant location from which data are retrieved.
SOFTWARE-AS-A-SERVICE
A software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to customers over a network, typically the Internet.
PARALLEL RUNNING
One of the ways to change from an existing system to a new one. This conversion takes place
by running the new system alongside the old system.
DIRECT CHANGEOVER
An implementation system where the old system is scrapped and immediately replaced by the new system.
PHASED INTRODUCTION
An implementation system where the change over is split into phases or stages.
INCOMPATABILITY
If certain software that runs on one of the models can not also be run on all other models of the family.
ACCEPTANCE TRAINING
A test conducted to determine if the requirements of a specification or contract are met.
DEBUGGING
A methodical process of finding and reducing the number of bugs, or defects, in a computer program
BETA TESTING
The second phase of software testing in which a sampling of the intended audience tries the product out.
USER DOCUMENTATION
Documentation explaining how to use the program, sent to the user.
USER TRAINING
Process of teaching a person to interact and communicate with a computer.
DATA LOSS
An error condition in information systems in which information is destroyed by failures or neglect in storage, transmission, or processing.
FAILOVER
A backup operational mode in which the functions of a system component (such as a processor, server, network, or database, for example) are assumed by secondary system components when the primary component becomes unavailable through either failure or sch
REDUNDANCY
The duplication of critical components or functions of a system with the intention of increasing reliability of the system, usually in the form of a backup or fail-safe.
REMOVABLE MEDIA
Types of media that are designed to be read to or written to by removable readers, writers and drives.
EG:
- Optical discs (Blu-ray discs, DVDs,[1] CDs)
- Memory cards (CompactFlash card, Secure Digital card, - - Memory Stick)
- Zip disks/other Floppy dis
UPDATES
The release of improved software.
PATCHES
A piece of software designed to update a computer program or its supporting data, to fix or improve it.
HARDWARE
The mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical components making up a computer system
SOFTWARE
written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory
PERIPHRAL
A device that connects to a computer system to add functionality. Examples are a mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer and scanner.
NETWORK
A series of connected computers, who can transfer data wirelessly, or through physical means, such as cables (USB etc)
RESOURCES
Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system.
CLIENT
A piece of computer hardware or software that accesses a service made available by a server.
SERVER
A running instance of an application (software) capable of accepting requests from the client and giving responses accordingly.
EMAIL SERVER
a computer within your network that works as your virtual post office.
ROUTER
computing a device that allows packets of data to be moved efficiently between two points on a network.
FIREWALL
A software program or hardware device that restricts communication between a private network or computer system and outside networks.
STAKEHOLDER
one who is involved in or affected by a course of action
SYSTEM FLOWCHART
a way of displaying how data flows in a system and how decisions are made to control events. To illustrate this, symbols are used. They are connected together to show what happens to data and where it goes.
DATAFLOW DIAGRAM
a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an information system, modelling its process aspects.
STRUCTURE CHART
a chart which shows the breakdown of a system to its lowest manageable levels.
GANTT CHART
A chart that illustrates the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project.
DESIGN CYCLE
Investigate
Design
Plan
Create
Evaluate
ITERATION
repetition of a mathematical or computational procedure applied to the result of a previous application, typically as a means of obtaining successively closer approximations to the solution of a problem.
END USER
the individual who uses the product after it has been fully developed and marketed.
USEABILITY
the ease of use and learnability of a human-made object.
DIGITAL DEVICES
an electronic device which uses discrete, numerable data and processes for all its operations.
ACCESSABILITY
Easy to understand or appreciate.
USER-INTERFACE
the means by which the user and a computer system interact, in particular the use of input devices and software.
CPU
the primary component of a computer that processes instructions. It runs the operating system and applications, constantly receiving input from the user or active software programs. It processes the data and produces output, which may stored by an applica
ALU
the part of a computer processor (CPU) that carries out arithmetic and logic operations on the operands in computer instruction words.
CU
a typical component of the CPU that implements the microprocessor instruction set. It extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, and sends the necessary signals to the ALU to perform the operation needed.
MEMORY ADDRESS REGISTER
a CPU register that either stores the memory address from which data will be fetched to the CPU or the address to which data will be sent and stored.
MEMORY DATA REGISTER
the register of a computer's control unit that contains the data to be stored in the computer storage (e.g. RAM), or the data after a fetch from the computer storage. It acts like a buffer and holds anything that is copied from the memory ready for the pr
PRIMARY MEMORY
also known as main storage or memory, is the area in a computer in which data is stored for quick access by the computer's processor.
RAM
an acronym for random access memory, a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes.
ROM
computer memory on which data has been prerecorded. Once data has been written onto it, it cannot be removed and can only be read.
CACHE MEMORY
a portion of memory made of high-speed static RAM (SRAM) instead of the slower and cheaper dynamic RAM (DRAM) used for main memory.
MACHINE INTRODUCTION CYCLE
4 process cycle
1) reads
2) interprets machine language
3) executes
4) stores the code
- Performed by CPU
DATA BUS
A collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another.
ADDRESS BUS
A collection of wires connecting the CPU with main memory that is used to identify particular locations (addresses) in main memory.
PERSISTENT STORAGE
the characteristic of state that outlives the process that created it. Without this capability, state would only exist in RAM, and would be lost when this RAM loses power, such as a computer shutdown.[1]
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
the process of controlling and coordinating computer memory, assigning portions called blocks to various running programs to optimize overall system performance.
MULTITASKING
allowing a user to perform more than one computer task (such as the operation of an application program) at a time.
WORD PROCESSOR
an electric or electronic device, or computer software application, that, as directed by the user, performs word processing: the composition, editing, formatting, and sometimes printing of any sort of written material.
SPREADSHEET
An interactive computer application program for organization, analysis and storage of data in tabular form.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
a collection of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information from a database.
a method of transmitting messages over communications networks.
BROWER
primarily intended to use the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems.
CAD
software used by architects, engineers, drafters, artists, and others to create precision drawings or technical illustrations.
CPU COMPONANT
The ALU, and CU, as well as registers are all...**
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TOOL BAR
a strip of icons that can be clicked to perform certain functions.
MENUS
a set of options presented to the user of a computer application to help the user find information or execute a program function.
DIALOGUE BOXES
A box that appears on a display screen to present information or request input.
BOOLEAN OPERATOR
a subset of algebra used for creating true/false statements.
AND
returns True if both x and y are true; returns False if either x or y are false.
OR
returns True if either x or y, or both x and y are true; returns False only if x and y are both false.
XOR
returns True if only x or y is true; returns False if x and y are both true or both false.
NOT
returns True if x is false (or null); returns False if x is true.
NAND
returns True if both x and y are not true; returns False if either x or y are not false.
NOR
returns True if either x or y, or both x and y are not true; returns False only if x and y are both true.
TRUTH TABLE
a breakdown of a logic function by listing all possible values the function can attain. Such a table typically contains several rows and columns, with the top row representing the logical variables and combinations, in increasing complexity leading up to
LOGIC GATE
An elementary building block of a digital circuit. Most have two inputs and one output.
LAN
Computer network that spans a relatively small area. Usually confined to a single building or group of buildings
WLAN
A type of local-area network that uses high-frequency radio waves rather than wires to communicate between nodes.
WAN
A network that covers a broad area (i.e., any telecommunications network that links across metropolitan, regional, national or international boundaries) using leased telecommunication lines. Business and government entities use them to relay data among em
SAN
a high-speed network of storage devices that also connects those storage devices with servers.
VLAN
the logical grouping of network nodes. It allows geographically dispersed network nodes to communicate as if they were physically on the same network.
VPN
a network that uses a public telecommunication infrastructure, such as the Internet, to provide remote offices or individual users with secure access to their organization's network.
PAN
the interconnection of information technology devices within the range of an individual person, typically within a range of 10 meters. For example, a person traveling with a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and a portable printer could intercon
P2P
Computer systems which are connected to each other via the Internet. Files can be shared directly between systems on the network without the need of a central server.
GLOBILIZATION
Having computer software, or hardware operating around the world.
PROTOCOL
a set of rules or procedures for transmitting data between electronic devices, such as computers. In order for computers to exchange information, there must be a preexisting agreement as to how the information will be structured and how each side will sen
DATA PACKET
one unit of binary data capable of being routed through a computer network. To improve communication performance and reliability, each message sent between two network devices is often subdivided into these by the underlying hardware and software.
COMPRESSION
The process of reducing the file size of data to enhance the transmission of data.
FIBRE OPTIC
The method of transferring data using light transmitted through glass threads in a cable.
PACKET SWITCHING
The concept of splitting messages into data packets, which are transferred separately, and are compiled when they are received.
WIFI
the name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Internet and network connections.
WIMAX
Type of wireless technology that provides wireless internet service over longer distances than standard Wi-Fi.
3G MOBILE
an ITU specification for the third generation of mobile communications technology.
NETWORK SECURITY
A specialized field in computer networking that involves securing a computer network infrastructure.
ENCRYPTION
The translation of data into a secret code. The most effective way to achieve data security.
USER ID
a unique sequence of characters used to identify a user and allow access to a computer system, computer network, or online account.
MAC ADDRESS
Short for Media Access Control address, a hardware address that uniquely identifies each node of a network. I