Allele
The different forms of a gene
Dominant Allele
An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
Recessive Allele
An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
Homozygous
Having two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous
Having two different alleles for a trait
Genotype
An organisms genetic makeup, or allele combinations
Phenotype
The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its genotype
Incomplete dominance
A blended phenotype. One allele is not completely dominant over the other
Codominance
both alleles of a gene are present in the phenotype
Sex linked
when traits are determined by alleles on the sex chromosomes
Genotypic ratio
The ratio of genotypes that could appear in offspring
Phenotypic ratio
the ratio of phenotypes that could appear in offspring
Gregor Mendel
The father of genetics - Experimented with pea plants
Law of segregation
Pairs of alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed
Monohybrid cross
a genetic cross that involves one pair of contrasting alleles for a trait
Dihybrid cross
a genetic cross in which two characteristics are tracked
Pedigree
A chart recording a line of ancestors