plate tectonics
What process causes the formation of new mountain ranges?
Ice age
What event can cause large changes in sea level?
The new habitat has more resources and less competition
Why would an animal, given the opportunity, move to a new environment?
Water, wind, and animals
How might plants disperse their seeds in a new environment?
There is regular gene flow between parent population and the dispersing population
Describe the amount of gene flow within the parent population prior to and during this range expansion
Physical barriers prevent gene flow from and between separated populations
What is the effect of physical barriers on gene flow?
Selection pressures are specific pressures that favor individuals with traits that suit each particular environment
What are selection pressures?
Alleles will be more frequent if they are better suited for the environment and it's true vice versa as well
How would selection pressures affect the allele frequencies of an isolated gene pool?
Gamete mortality
What is one type of prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism?
Reduced fertility
What is one type of postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanism?
Within a species have separate areas of geographic range
Allopatry in populations
Is when populations within a species have the same or overlapping geographical areas
Sympatry in populations
Allopatric speciation
This refers to speciation as a result of populations of species becoming more isolated from each other
Sympatric speciation is when new species are formed, regardless of physical barriers
What is sympatric speciation?
Polyploidy can result in a new species through self pollination or producing regatively.
How can polyploidy result in the formation of a new species?
Niche differentiation can result in a new species through populations micro habitats and a species preference
How can niche differentiation result in the formation of a new species?
*When very closely related animals were present at the same time in widely speared parts of the world, it is highly probable that there was no barrier to their movement in between the localities in the past
*The most effective barrier to move to of land a
What are the 3 principals and out the dispersal and distribution of land animals?
Common ancestor
What is the term used to describe the comprise of several species and subspecies, each distinguishable by the variations in the color patterns of their plumage
The zone of sympatry is a place where 2 species exist in the same area
What is meant by the zone of sympatry?
This is where a species could survive outside of its primary habitat
What is meant by secondary range expansion?
Punctuated equilibrium
An environment that would support this is an isolated area where a species is introduced in a quick change
Phyletic Gradualism
Is seen in an area where species interact freely and constant pressure is put on the population in slow changes
Gal�pagos
What island did Darwin's finches evolve on?
Darwin's finches
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