Windpipe; tube with cartilage rings that carries air from the mouth / nose to the bronchi.
Trachea
Two short branches at the end of the trachea, carry air into the lungs.
Bronchi
Small tubes that branch off the bronchi and carry air to the alveoli.
Bronchioles
Small sacs with thin walls and a dense network of capillaries. Together make a large surface area.
Alveoli
Bones which form the ribcage and protect the lungs and help ventilation.
Ribs
Large flat muscle at the bottom of the rib cage that helps ventilation.
Diaphragm
Covers the surface of alveoli and helps gas exchange.
Film of moisture
The movement of air into and out of the lungs.
Ventilation
The diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the walls of the alveoli.
Gas Exchange
The controlled release of energy from glucose; to make ATP in cells.
Cell Respiration
A chemical made by type II pneumocytes from phospholipid which reduce surface tension and so prevent the collapse of alveoli.
Surfactant
Covers the surface of alveoli and help gas exchange.
Film of moisture
They surround the alveoli and carry blood which transports oxygen and carbon dioxide. This helps to maintain the concentration gradients.
Network of capillaries
Thin "squamous" cells which form the surface for gas exchange.
Type I pneumocyte
Cuboid shaped cells which make surfactant and can divide to replace type I pneumocytes.
Type II pneumocyte