Taxonomy
Science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups
Carolus Linnaeus
Father of Taxonomy; known for binomial nomenclature
Taxon
Group of organisms with similar traits
Kingdom Protista
Most diverse organisms of all the kingdoms, Eukaryotes; can be autotrophs or heterotrophs, some have cells walls, mostly unicellular
Heterotrophs
Organisms that cannot make their own food and must feed on other organisms (consumer)
Autotrophs
Organism that make their own food (producer)
Eukaryotes
Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Kingdom Fungi
Eukaryotes; cell wall make of chitin; heterotrophic decomposers; can be parasites or saprobes
Photosynthesis
Process of converting radiant energy of the sun to chemical energy stored in the bonds of glucose; occurs in chloroplast
Kingdom Plantae
Eukaryotes; autotrophs, cell wall made of cellulose; mulitcellular
Vertebrate
Animals that have a backbone
Invertebrate
Animals that do not have a backbone
Kingdom Animalia
Eukaryotes, heterotrophs and are multicellular
Aristotle
First to group organisms as plant or animal but did not show evolutionary relatives
Binomial nomenclature
2-word naming system for Scientific name using genus and species
Unicellular
organism made up of only 1 cell
Multicellular
organism made up of 2 or more cells
Domain
First group of taxonomy; largest number of organisms; based on very broad characteristics; there are 3
Bacteria (Eubacteria)
single-celled organisms that are prokaryotic; most ancient organisms known
Archaeabacteria
single celled, prokaryotic; evolutionarily closer to eukaryotes
Eukarya Domain
Eukaryotic; single & multi-cellular; includes protists, plants, fungi, and animals
Kingdom
2nd largest taxonomical group; there are 6 Kingdoms
Phylum
taxon made up of classes (aka Divison for Plant and Fungus)
Class
taxon made up of orders
Order
taxon made up of families
Family
taxon made of genera; names end in -dae
Genus
taxon made up of species; first part of Scientific name
Species
least number of organisms present; most specific taxon; second part of Scientific name
Circulatory System
heart, lungs, arteries, blood, capillaries, veins that transport nutrients and oxygen
Nervous System
Spinal cord, brain, neurons, skin, eyes, ears, tongue, and nose that controls body activities and reacts to stimuli
Integumentary System
Skin, hair, nails that protect body from invaders, control body temperature, maintain tissue moisture
Skeletal System
Bones, ligaments that support body, protect vital organs, movement, store Ca+, etc
Excretory System
Kidneys, bladder, lungs, skin that remove wastes
Muscular System
Muscles, tendons that move body, pump heart, move substances for digestion
Digestive System
Mouth (teeth), esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines that breaks down food for energy and absorbs nutrients
Respiratory System
Nose, mouth, lungs, pharynx, trachea, diaphragm, bronchi that take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
Immune System
Blood, lymphocytes, b-cells, t-cells, memory cells that fight disease
Endocrine System
Many glands that regulate many body functions using chemical signals
Vascular Tissues
plant structure consisting of xylem and phloem that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant
Spore
a type of reproductive cell that can form a new organism
Chitin
substance found in fungi cell walls
Cellulose
substance found in plants and some protists cell walls
Binary Fission
asexual form of reproduction
Alternation of generation
reproductive life cycle alternating from haploid to diploid forms
Protozoan
animal like protists
Decomposer
a type of heterotroph that breaks down dead and decaying organisms for energy