DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live
nucleotide
in a nucleic acid chain, a subunit that consists of a suger, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
ADENINE, THYMINE, GUANINE,CYTOSINE
double helix
shape of DNA
RNA
RiboNucleic Acid, a molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein production and can serve as a temporary copy
messenger RNA (mRNA)
a mirrorlike copy of the DNA segment that is made out of RNA
moves out of the nucleus and into cytoplasm
ribosome
a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis
also called the 'factory'
transfer RNA (tRNA)
the RNA which translates the message of mRNA
mutation
a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule
substitution
base pair is replaced
mutagen
physical or chemical agent that can cause a mutation in DNA
heredity
the passing of traits from parent to offspring
genes
made up of DNA and determine your traits
alleles
different forms of a gene
genetics
the study of heredity
Gregor Mendel
the father of genetics
cross pollination
taking the pollen of one plant and placing it on a different plant
dominant trait
one that always appears if present; represented by a capital letter
recessive trait
only appears if there is no dominant trait; represented by a lower case letter
Type O
universal donor
Type AB
universal recipient
XX
females have __________ chromosomes
XY
males have ____________ chromosomes
male
Which parent determines the sex of the baby?
genome
a chromosome map that shows the gene location on each off the chromosomes
3 categories of Protist are
plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike
Protozoan
One-celled, animal-like protists that can live in water, soil, and living and dead organisms.
Cilia
Short, oarlike structures extending from the cell membranes-paramecium
Spore
Reproductive cell of fungi; they are produced in the fruiting bodies of the fungus
Ascus
Saclike, spore-producing structure of sac fungi such as yeast
Amoebas
Moves about the same way as slime molds and feeds using footlike extensions of cytoplasm called pseudopods
Parasites
organisms that live on or in a host and cause it harm
Products produced by Algae
Toothpaste, lotion, fertilizer, pool filters, ice cream, marshmallows, pudding
Red Tide
Caused by red algae due to Algal bloom-when pollution is a food source- release toxins in water harmful to organisms
Protists are classified by
how they move, how they get food, structures of their cells
Plantlike protists examples
are known as algae;include diatoms, kelp, euglenoids, dinoflagelletes; make their own food because they contain chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
is a green colored pigment that allow some organisms to make their own food.
One-celled animal-like protists
are known as protozoans
Yeasts
reproduces by budding
Club Fungi
reproduces by basidium
Zygote Fungi
reproduces by Sproangium
4 types or groups of fungus
Club, Zygote, Sac, imperfect
Classification
the division of organisms into groups, or classes, based on specific characteristics.
Taxonomy
the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms.
Species
a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring.
Archaea
a domain made up of prokaryotes, most of which are known to live in extreme environments, that are distinguished from other prokaryotes by differences in their genetics and in the makeup of their cell walls.
Eukarya
in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of all eukaryotes; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Protista
a kingdom of mostly one-celled eukaryotic organisms that are different from plants, animals, archaea, bacteria, and fungi.
Fungi
a kingdom made up of non-green, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients.
Plantae
a kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that are usually green, have cell walls made of cellulose, cannot move, and use the Sun's energy to make sugar by photosynthesis.
Animalia
a kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, can usually move around, and quickly respond to their environment.
Carolus Linnaeus
father of Taxonomy
8-level System of Classification
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Autotroph
also called producers which are organisms that make their food through photosynthesis.
Heterotroph
also called consumers and decomposers, get energy by eating other organisms or absorbing their remains.
Producer
an organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings.
Consumer
an organism that eats other organism or organic matter.