Chapter 9.1 Outline

Plants are made of ____________ cells, which have membrane-bound _____________.

Eukaryotic, organelles

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have _____________ and a cell _____.

Chloroplasts, wall

Light energy is converted into chemical energy by _______________.

Chloroplasts

Plants are _______________, which means they are made of many cells.

Multicellular

Some plants are some of the largest organisms on Earth, and others are ____________.

microscopic

Organisms that use an outside energy source such as the Sun to make their own food are called ___________.

producers

Plants make their own food during a process called ______________________.

photosynthesis

All organisms depend on ______ directly or indirectly for food

producers

Present - day land plants and green algae are thought to have evolved from a common _____________.

Ancestor

The first land plants probably lived in _______ areas with plenty of sunlight and carbon dioxide.

moist

As more plants lived on land, the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere ______________because oxygen is a product of ________________.

Increased,Photosynthesis

Many plants have a waxy, protective layer on their leaves, stems, and flowers called the ________.

cuticle

The cuticle is made of a waxy substance that slows the ______________ of water from the plant's surface.

Evaporation

The cuticle also protects the plant from __________ that might damage its _________

insects, tissues

_________ plants are supported by the water that surrounds them, whereas ______ plants
must provide their own support.

Aquatic, land

Water and ____________must move through a plant's _________ for a plant to survive.

Nutrients, tissues

In mosses, water and nutrients can move from cell to cell by ____________and osmosis.

Diffusion

Grasses and trees have __________ tissue, which is composed of tubelike cells that transport water and nutrients.

vascular

Water carries the reproductive cells of ________ plants from plant to plant.

Aquatic

Some land plants have water-resistant seeds or ______that move through the environment via animals, ____, and water.

spores, wind

Members of the plant kingdom are organized into groups called ___________instead
of phyla.

Divisions

Plants that reproduce by ________ such as liverworts and mosses are called seedless plants.

Spores

Some seedless plants do not have vascular tissue and are called ______________ plants.

Nonvascular

Ferns and other seedless plants have __________ tissues and are called vascular
plants.

Vascular

Most familiar plants, including those that are used for food, are ______plants.

Seed

Some seed plants have _________ that produce ________ with one or more seeds.

Flowers, fruits

Pines trees produce their seeds in _____

Cones

Seeds contain a tiny plant _______surrounded by __________ that nourish and protect it.

Embryo, tissues