2.2.1 - 2.2.6 Science Remastered

prokaryotes

Unicellular organisms without a nucleus

Cell wall

It determines its shape and allow it to live in a wide variety of environments

Capsule

A slimy layer outside the cell wall

Cytoplasm

Jellylike substance that contains enzymes which break down food and build cell parts.

Ribosomes

Creates new proteins

Flagellum

a thin, whip-like structure that helps and organism move through liquids.

Asexual

A reproduction involves only one parent and the offspring is identical to the parent.

Binary Fission

A cell division in which one cell splits into two identical daughter cells, each with a complete set of DNA.

Budding

A asexual reproduction in which a small outgrowth of the parent develops into an independent organism.

Aerobic bacteria

Need oxygen to life

Anaerobic bacteria

Die in the presence of oxygen

Fermentation

Process by which sugars and starches are converted into commercial important products like cheese and yogurt.

Endospore

A protective capsule that protects it from extreme heat or other harsh conditions.

Autotrophs

organisms that make their own food/energy

Heterotrophs

organisms must obtain their food/energy from an source

Decomposers

Organisms get their energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes

Symbiosis

A relationship in which one organism lives on, near, or inside another organism and at least one of the organisms benefits

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

It turn nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that a plant needs to grow

Antibiotics

Drugs that are used to kill harmful bacteria

Pathogens

Disease-causing organisms that infects humans, animals, and plants

Canning

Food is heated to kill the bacteria and then sealed in airtight containers

Pasteurization

The process of heating milk (or other liquids) to kill harmful bacteria

Freeze-drying

removing all the moisture from the food then sealing in an airtight package

Refigeration

Slows down the growth of bacteria

Preservatives

Chemicals added to food to slow the froth of bacteria and mold

Extremophiles

Microorganisms that live in extreme conditions

Halophiles

Lives in areas of high salt

Thermophiles

Lives in areas of high heat

Acidophiles

Lives in areas of high acid content

Antoine van Leeuwenhoek

Known as the Father of Microscopy

Bacteria don't have?

A nuclei, Golgi apparatus, Endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and mitochondria

How do bacteria move?

Wriggling

How long does it take for a bacteria to grow to full size

A bacteria can grow to full size in about 20 minutes

How do bacteria help the world?

Bacteria have been genetically engineered to make large quantities of antibiotics such as insulin

Alexander Fleming

Famous for discovering penicillin

Most bacteria need what to live?

Moisture and oxygen and/or a warm environment