prokaryotes
Unicellular organisms without a nucleus
Cell wall
It determines its shape and allow it to live in a wide variety of environments
Capsule
A slimy layer outside the cell wall
Cytoplasm
Jellylike substance that contains enzymes which break down food and build cell parts.
Ribosomes
Creates new proteins
Flagellum
a thin, whip-like structure that helps and organism move through liquids.
Asexual
A reproduction involves only one parent and the offspring is identical to the parent.
Binary Fission
A cell division in which one cell splits into two identical daughter cells, each with a complete set of DNA.
Budding
A asexual reproduction in which a small outgrowth of the parent develops into an independent organism.
Aerobic bacteria
Need oxygen to life
Anaerobic bacteria
Die in the presence of oxygen
Fermentation
Process by which sugars and starches are converted into commercial important products like cheese and yogurt.
Endospore
A protective capsule that protects it from extreme heat or other harsh conditions.
Autotrophs
organisms that make their own food/energy
Heterotrophs
organisms must obtain their food/energy from an source
Decomposers
Organisms get their energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes
Symbiosis
A relationship in which one organism lives on, near, or inside another organism and at least one of the organisms benefits
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
It turn nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that a plant needs to grow
Antibiotics
Drugs that are used to kill harmful bacteria
Pathogens
Disease-causing organisms that infects humans, animals, and plants
Canning
Food is heated to kill the bacteria and then sealed in airtight containers
Pasteurization
The process of heating milk (or other liquids) to kill harmful bacteria
Freeze-drying
removing all the moisture from the food then sealing in an airtight package
Refigeration
Slows down the growth of bacteria
Preservatives
Chemicals added to food to slow the froth of bacteria and mold
Extremophiles
Microorganisms that live in extreme conditions
Halophiles
Lives in areas of high salt
Thermophiles
Lives in areas of high heat
Acidophiles
Lives in areas of high acid content
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek
Known as the Father of Microscopy
Bacteria don't have?
A nuclei, Golgi apparatus, Endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and mitochondria
How do bacteria move?
Wriggling
How long does it take for a bacteria to grow to full size
A bacteria can grow to full size in about 20 minutes
How do bacteria help the world?
Bacteria have been genetically engineered to make large quantities of antibiotics such as insulin
Alexander Fleming
Famous for discovering penicillin
Most bacteria need what to live?
Moisture and oxygen and/or a warm environment