species
is a group of organisms that are very closely related
genus
names that are capitalized and include similar species
The first letter of a specific name is capitalized or in lowercase?
lowercase
first letter of a genus name is capitalized or in lowercase?
capitalized
scientific name always includes the genus name, true or false?
TRUE
Taxonomy
is the science of describing, classifying, and naming living things
How many levels do scientists use to classify living things?
8
Domain-Domain Eukarya
includes all prissiest, fungi, plants, and animals
Kingdom-Kingdom Animalia
includes all animals only and humans
Phylum-Phylum Chordata
have a hollow nerve cord in their backs, some have backbone
Class-Class Mammalia
mammals, have backbone and nurse their young
Order-Order Carnivora
are mammals that have special teeth for tearing meat
Family-Family Felidae
are cats, carnivores that have retractable claws
Genus-Genus Felis
are cats that cannot roar. Only purr
Species-Species Felis domesticus
House cat,
domain
represents the largest differences among organisms
What are the 3 domains?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Bacteria
made up of prokaryotes that usually have a cell wall and reproduce by cell division
Archaea
made up of prokaryotes, but differ from bacteria by their genetics and makeup of their cell walls. Live in harsh environments.
Eukarya
are made up of cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Algae, Mushrooms, trees, and humans are prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
eukaryotes
What are the 4 kingdoms in Eukarya?
Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia
What are Protista?
Algae and slime molds-make their own food and they can also eat other organisms for their food. Some are single celled and some are multi-cellular
What are Plantae
multi-cellular organisms that have cell walls. Make their own food through photosynthesis.
potato bud is an example of sexual or asexual reproduction?
asexual
What are Fungi?
get energy by absorbing materials. have cells with cell wall, but no chloroplast. examples: yeast, molds, and mushrooms
What are Animalia
multi-cellular organisms that lack cell walls. No chloroplast. consume other organisms. Examples: birds, fish reptiles, amphibians, insects, and mammals.
How do classification systems change over time?
Scientists can now classify living things according to DNA. In the past, scientists could only look at physical characteristics.
what is cladogram?
branching system used by scientists to show relationships among species. Organisms are grouped according to common characteristics.
What is the dichotomous key?
the key that uses a series of paired statements to identify organisms.
Scientists use physical and chemical characteristics to classify organisms, true or false?
TRUE
Scientists study DNA to classify organisms, true or false?
TRUE
Branching diagrams are used to identify unknown organisms, true or false?
FALSE
A scientific name consists of domain and kingdom, true or false?
FALSE
There are more organisms in a genus than there are in a phylum, true or false?
FALSE
Domains are divided into kingdoms, true or false?
TRUE
What contains paired statements that can be used to identify organisms?
dichotomous key
What kingdoms of eukaryotes are Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia?
Protista
What two domains are made up of prokaryotes?
Bacteria and Archae
Name the eight levels of classification from most general to most specific
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family genus, and species
Describe how scientists choose the kingdom in which a eukaryote belongs
They ask questions, such as, Is this organism unicellular or multicellular, autotrophic or heterotrophic and how does the organism reproduce
What two types of evidence are used to classify organisms?
Physical characteristics and Chemical characteristics
What is the difference between dichotomous keys and branching diagrams?
dichotomous keys are used to identify unknown organisms and branching diagrams are used to describe the characteristics that different organisms share
Which animals share most traits with humans?
chimpanzees
What kingdom would an organism that cannot move, has many cells, produces spores, and gets its food from its environment belong to?
Kingdom Fungi