Science Lesson 5 -Classification

species

is a group of organisms that are very closely related

genus

names that are capitalized and include similar species

The first letter of a specific name is capitalized or in lowercase?

lowercase

first letter of a genus name is capitalized or in lowercase?

capitalized

scientific name always includes the genus name, true or false?

TRUE

Taxonomy

is the science of describing, classifying, and naming living things

How many levels do scientists use to classify living things?

8

Domain-Domain Eukarya

includes all prissiest, fungi, plants, and animals

Kingdom-Kingdom Animalia

includes all animals only and humans

Phylum-Phylum Chordata

have a hollow nerve cord in their backs, some have backbone

Class-Class Mammalia

mammals, have backbone and nurse their young

Order-Order Carnivora

are mammals that have special teeth for tearing meat

Family-Family Felidae

are cats, carnivores that have retractable claws

Genus-Genus Felis

are cats that cannot roar. Only purr

Species-Species Felis domesticus

House cat,

domain

represents the largest differences among organisms

What are the 3 domains?

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Bacteria

made up of prokaryotes that usually have a cell wall and reproduce by cell division

Archaea

made up of prokaryotes, but differ from bacteria by their genetics and makeup of their cell walls. Live in harsh environments.

Eukarya

are made up of cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Algae, Mushrooms, trees, and humans are prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

eukaryotes

What are the 4 kingdoms in Eukarya?

Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia

What are Protista?

Algae and slime molds-make their own food and they can also eat other organisms for their food. Some are single celled and some are multi-cellular

What are Plantae

multi-cellular organisms that have cell walls. Make their own food through photosynthesis.

potato bud is an example of sexual or asexual reproduction?

asexual

What are Fungi?

get energy by absorbing materials. have cells with cell wall, but no chloroplast. examples: yeast, molds, and mushrooms

What are Animalia

multi-cellular organisms that lack cell walls. No chloroplast. consume other organisms. Examples: birds, fish reptiles, amphibians, insects, and mammals.

How do classification systems change over time?

Scientists can now classify living things according to DNA. In the past, scientists could only look at physical characteristics.

what is cladogram?

branching system used by scientists to show relationships among species. Organisms are grouped according to common characteristics.

What is the dichotomous key?

the key that uses a series of paired statements to identify organisms.

Scientists use physical and chemical characteristics to classify organisms, true or false?

TRUE

Scientists study DNA to classify organisms, true or false?

TRUE

Branching diagrams are used to identify unknown organisms, true or false?

FALSE

A scientific name consists of domain and kingdom, true or false?

FALSE

There are more organisms in a genus than there are in a phylum, true or false?

FALSE

Domains are divided into kingdoms, true or false?

TRUE

What contains paired statements that can be used to identify organisms?

dichotomous key

What kingdoms of eukaryotes are Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia?

Protista

What two domains are made up of prokaryotes?

Bacteria and Archae

Name the eight levels of classification from most general to most specific

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family genus, and species

Describe how scientists choose the kingdom in which a eukaryote belongs

They ask questions, such as, Is this organism unicellular or multicellular, autotrophic or heterotrophic and how does the organism reproduce

What two types of evidence are used to classify organisms?

Physical characteristics and Chemical characteristics

What is the difference between dichotomous keys and branching diagrams?

dichotomous keys are used to identify unknown organisms and branching diagrams are used to describe the characteristics that different organisms share

Which animals share most traits with humans?

chimpanzees

What kingdom would an organism that cannot move, has many cells, produces spores, and gets its food from its environment belong to?

Kingdom Fungi