Autotrophs
Organisms that make their own food
Photosynthesis
The process by which autotrophs use energy of sunlight to produce high energy carbohydrates, sugars, and starches that can be used as food
Atp
One of the most important compounds that cells use to store and release energy
NADPH
A compound that can carry the high energy electrons (that were produced by light absorption) in chlorophyll to chemical reactions else where in the cell
Electron transport chain
A series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high energy electrons during ATP generated reactions
Chloroplast
Organelle found in plant cells that captures energy from sunlight to make chemical energy
Chlorophyll
Plants principle pigment
Stroma
The fluid portion of the chloroplasts outside the thylakoids
Thylakoids
Saclike photosynthesis membranes in chloroplasts
Light reaction
Set of reactions in photosynthesis that uses energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH
Calvin Cycle
light independent reactions where plants use the energy that ATP and NADPH contain to build stable high energy carbohydrate compounds that can be stored for a long time
Photosystems
The clusters of chlorophyll and proteins that thylakoids contain
ATP Synthase
A protein, that the thylakoid membrane contains, that spans the membrane and allows H+ ions to pass through it
What colors of light does chlorophyll absorb?
Blue red and violet
What colors does chlorophyll reflect?
Green and yellow the most
The stroma
Where do light INdependent reactions occur
The thylakoid
Where do light DEpendent reactions occur
The cytoplasm
Where does glycolysis take place
2
How many ATP molecules does is take to get started
4
How many atp molecules are made (including the staring ones)
2
What is the net gain in ATP
What products leave glycolysis and continue onto the Krebs cycle
2 pyruvic acids (2-3 carbon molecules) and 2 NADH's (which carries high energy electrons to the etc)
What are 2 major advantages of glycolysis in producing energy
The speed and that it's anaerobic
The matrix
Where does the Krebs cycle take place
CO2
What molecules are given off as waste in the krebs
NADH and FADH2
What molecules continue on to the last stage in the krebs
The cristae
Where is the electron transport chain located
H2O
What molecule is formed as a waste product in the ETC
36
How many ATP molecules are produced during all 3 stages per molecule of glucose
Autotrophs make their own food
What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs
6CO2 + 6H2O => (in the presence of light) C6H12O6 + 6O2
The equation for photosynthesis
The sunlight
Where does he energy for photosynthesis come from
Chlorophyll A and B
What pigments are involved in photosynthesis
Chlorophyll absorbs all the colors but green and reflects it instead (it utilizes reds and blues)
Why does chlorophyll appear green to us
Chloroplast
What organelle does photosynthesis take place
light independent reactions and light dependent reactions
What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis
Oxygen
What photosynthesis waste product is formed in the light DEpendent reactions
NADPH and ATP
What 2 products of light DEpendent reactions are used up in the light independent reactions
The CO2 is split, O2 is released, and the carbon is added to a 5 carbon sugar
What happens to CO2 molecules in the light INdependent reactions
The light DEpendent requires light (I? think??)
What is the difference between the light indep. and dep. reactions
The Calvin Cycle
What is another name for the light indep. reactions
Adenine, ribosugar, phosphate group
What are the 3 parts of ATP
NOOOOOOKIOOIOOO!!
Are you going to fail this test
cellular respiration
The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
ANAErobic
The process that DOES NOT require oxygen
AErobic
The process that does require oxygen
Matrix
The inner most compartment of the mitochondria
Glycolysis
First set of reactions in cellular respiration in which a molecule of glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid
Krebs Cycle
Second stage in cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 in a series of energy extracting reactions
Adenosine Triphosphate
The full spelling of ATP
FLauine Adenine Dinucleotide Hydrogen
The full spelling of FADH2
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Hydrogen
Full spelling of NADH
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen
Full spelling for NADPH
CO2 and H2O
Autotrophs make their own food from what
Sugars
What is not produced in the light DEpendent reactions of photosynthesis
Synthesis of water
The first step of photosynthesis is what
Oxygen
What is not necessary for a typical plant in photosynthesis
Atp
The principle chemical compound that living things use to store energy
Glucose and oxygen
What raw materials are needed for cellular respiration
Pyruvic acid is broken down into co2 in a series of reactions
During the Krebs cycle....
NADPH
What is a product of light water air and space