Cells need ____ to perform all their cellular functions and maintain homeostasis
Energy
____ that make their own food
Autotrophs
Autotrophs capture light energy by the process called ____
Photosynthesis
Examples of autotrophs are... (2)
Plants and algae
____ are organisms that depend on other organisms for their energy
Heterotrophs
Examples of heterotrophs are... (4)
Humans, animals, fungi, and most bacteria
____ is the process all organisms (including autotrophs) use to release stored energy
Cellular Respiration
The energy from starch and lipid molecules is too much energy to be used by a cell, all at once, thus these molecules must be converted into smaller, usable units called ____
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
One Adenosine molecule has a combination of... (3)
Ribose - 5-carbon sugar
Adenine - one of the bases found in DNA
Three phosphate groups - (bonded by unstable high energy covalent bonds, bonds break creating a exothermic reaction)
What 4 processes do ATP molecules supply the energy for?
Active transport
Biosynthesis
Cellular movement
Locomotion
With the proper enzymes and an adequate supply of energy, ADP and a phosphate group can recombine to form____
ATP
In ATP, is energy being stored or released?
Stored
If you see ADP, is energy being stored or released?
Released
____ is the process by which certain organisms (autotrophs) can take absorbed light energy and convert it into stored chemical energy
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis also produces the gas ____
Oxygen
____ , a green pigment, is the primary catalyst of photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
____ reflects the colors ____ ____ and is the most abundant chlorophyll in green plants and serves as the primary catalyst for photosynthesis
1. Chlorophyll
2. Blue-green
____ reflects the colors ____ ____ and is found in seed plants
1. Chlorophyll b
2. Yellow Green
Chlorophyll is found where in the chloroplast?
Grana (pancakes)
Photosynthesis takes place in the ____ of the ____ of the ____
1. Thylakoids (pancake)
2. Grans (pancakes)
3. Chloroplast
The light dependent phase requires light energy to be absorbed to energize ____ in a chlorophyll a molecule
Electrons
Water is split by the process called ____
Photolysis
A series of protein molecules is
Electron transport chain
Which process do the H+ ions concentration within the thylakoid causes active transport of the H+ ions to be pumped through a protein (enzyme) in the thylakoid membrane
Chemosmosis
The protein in the thylakoid membrane is called what?
ATP synthase
When chemosis is finished, what is formed?
ATP