Six Kingdom System
Six Kingdom System
Archaebacteria
newest kingdom that includes organisms that look like bacteria but have different characteristics than "normal" bacteria
Eubacteria
typical bacteria that were classified as Monera in the five kingdom system
Prokaryotic
describes single-celled organisms that do not have a true nucleus
Eukaryotic
describes cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
Autotrophic
describes organisms that make their own food
Heterotrophic
describes organisms that cannot make their own food
Bacteria
single-celled prokaryotic organisms
Prokaryote
a single-called organisms that does not have a true nucleus
Archaebacteria
a type of bacteria that lives in extreme conditions
Eubacteria
common bacteria; single-called, prokaryotic organisms
Monerans
a generic term for all bacteria
Archae
another name for archaebacteria
Heterotroph
an organisms that cannot make its own food and must obtain food from another organism
Parasite
an organism that gets food by feeding on another living organism
Autotroph
an organism that can make its own food
Saprotroph
an organism that feeds on dead or decaying organisms or organic wastes
Flagella
a tail-like structure that is used by a cell for movement
Binary fission
asexual reproduction used by bacteria
Conjugation
a type of primitive sexual reproduction used by bacteria to exchange genetic information
Endospore
a dormant stage formed by some bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions
Protist
eukaryotic organisms that don't fit into any of the other kingdoms; can be unicellular or multicellular, autotrophs or heterotrophs
Eukaryote
an organism with cells that contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles
Protozoa
single-felled animal-like protists; examples: paramecium and amoeba
Algae
a plantlike protist that contains chlorophyll and undergoes photosynthesis
Euglena
a single-called algae that lives in fresh water
Diatom
a single-called algae that has a glass like outer shell
Fungus
a eukaryotic organism that has a cell wall usually made of chitin, is usually multicellular, and is always a consumer (heterotroph) or a decomposed (saprotroph)
Consumer
an organisms that must obtain food from another organism; a heterotroph
Chitin
a complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of most fungi cells
Hyphae
threadlike structures used by fungi to break down and absorb food
Basidiopores
mushroom spores formed by meoisis
Sporangium
a specialized type of hypha used by certain models that produce spores asexually
Zygospore
a spore formed by sexual reproduction in certain molds
Saprotroph
an organism that feeds on dead or decaying organisms; a decomposer
Lichen
an "organism" made up of a fungus and an alga living together in a mutualistic relationship
Rusts and Smuts
types of fungi that cause plant diseases
Archaebacteria
Organisms that resemble bacteria but live in extreme conditions
Eubacteria
typical bacteria
Protista
examples are algae, protozoa, slime molds
Fungi
examples are molds, mushrooms, yeasts
Plantae
examples are mosses, ferns, grasses, vegetable plants, trees
Animalia
examples are sponges, jellyfish, worms, snails, insects, fish, frogs, lizards, birds, kangaroos
coccus
circular shape
bacillus
pill-shaped
spirillum
worm-like shape, squiggly
ciliates
hairlike projections called cilia that act like oars to help them move
flagellates
have one or more flagella to help them move; several flagellates are parasites that cause disease in humans
Amoebas
irregularly shaped "blobs" that move by changing the shape of their cell to form pseudopods
Sporozoans
parasitic protists that live in a host organism
Euglena
unicellular algae that love in fresh water and can move around by using a single flagellum
Diatom
unicellular algae that have glasslike outer shells
A unicellular organism that does not have a nucleus would belong in which kingdom?
Eubacteria
Steven observes cells from a multicellular organism. Each cell has a cell wall but does not contain chloroplasts. The organism MOST likely belongs to which kingdom?
Fungi
Which characteristic MOST clearly differentiates bacteria in the Eubacteria kingdom from unicellular protists?
presence of a nucleus
Which of the following characteristics BEST distinguishes animals from the other kingdoms?
never have cell walls and never have the ability to make their own food
The presence of which of the following is one main difference between plants and fungi?
chloroplasts
Which kingdom contains organisms that ALWAYS make their own food?
plantae
Single-celled organisms are found living in a volcanic hot spring where scientists did not expect to find any form of life at all. These organisms are MOST likely from which kingdom?
Archaebacteria
Joana observes cells under a microscope and determines that they must be either fungal cells or animal cells. How could he BEST determine their kingdom classification?
the presence of a cell wall
If a bacterium cell can move around in its environment, it probably has which structure?
one or more flagella
Which of the following is a benefit of bacteria?
They break down and recycle inorganic materials
Which of the following is NOT a disease caused by harmful bacteria?
infleunza
Which of the following characteristics cause bacteria to be split into two kingdoms?
Archaebacteria and eubacteria live in very different environments
By which process can bacteria exchange genetic information?
conjugation
Bacteria are found near volcanic vents deep on the ocean floor where there is little oxygen and no light. Which of the following is MOST likely true about this bacteria?
They are archaebacteria that produce food by chemosynthesis
Which of these bacteria are NOT autotrophs?
parasitic eubacteria
Which of the following is a true statement about bacteria?
Some bacteria can make their own food, and others cannot
Which of the following protists use psuedopods to move?
amoeba
What one characteristic do all members of the Kingdom Protista share?
All are made of eukaryotic cells
Which of the following would NOT be found in the Kingdom Protista?
bread mold
Which of the following structures do paramecium use to move
cilia
Green algae have a complex life cycle that includes both haploid and diploid forms of the organisms. Green algae is an example of which type of reproduction?
alternation of generations
Spirogyra, a type of green algae, can break into small pieces. Each small piece can then grow into a new organisms. What type of reproduction does Spirogyra undergo in this situation?
fragmentation
Euglena is a single-celled plantlike protist that has contractile vacuoles. What would likely happen if the Euglena did not have the contractile vacuoles?
It would expand with water and burst
How do funguslike protists differ from true fungi?
funguslike protists can move about from place to place
Which of the following is NOT a type of fungus?
algae
Lichens are formed by a relationship between a fungus and which other type of organism?
an alga