Water consumptions levels vary based on
type of hotel, location, facilities and managerial attention to water usage
Deduct Meters
measures the amount of water not discharging into the sanitary sewer system
Backflow preventers
device is used to protect potable water supplies from contamination or pollution due to backflow. In water supply systems, water is normally maintained at a significant pressure to enable water to flow from the tap, shower, or other fixture
Storm Sewer System
designed to carry rainfall runoff and other drainage. It is not designed to carry sewage or accept hazardous wastes. The runoff is carried in underground pipes or open ditches and discharges untreated into local streams, rivers and other surface water bod
Sanitary Sewer System
is a system of underground pipes that carries sewage from bathrooms, sinks, kitchens, and other plumbing components to a wastewater treatment plant where it is filtered, treated and discharged
Grease Separator
is a plumbing device designed to intercept most greases and solids before they enter a wastewater disposal system
Facility owned sewer systems
septic tanks, treatment plants
Plumbing Risers
intended to connect a faucet or shower fixture to the stop valve of the water supply, usually made of copper
Sewer Gas Traps
designed to trap sewer gas to prevent seepage in the home
Vents; pipe insulation
to prevent heat loss or condensation
Fire protection Sprinklers and Standpipes
installed in the facility to stop the spread of fire, standpipes installed to hook up hoses brought by the fire dept
Potability
suitability for drinking
Potability determined by
presence of bacteria in the water, nitrates, trace metals, and organic chemicals
Not directly related to potability include:
odor, color, taste, clearness, mineral content, and acidity/alkalinity
Legionaires' Disease
is a form of atypical pneumonia caused by any type of Legionella bacteria (growth common in cooling towers due to the warm wet algae-containing environment)
True
Heating costs exceed water costs
Mixing Valves
If installed properly they can be used to protect hot water users from high temperatures resulting in burns and scalds
Water booster or heater
used in kitchens(sometimes the same as laundry) to increase temp for needs such as dishwashing without putting guests in danger of scalding temps, usually softened
Dedicated heating systems
laundry operations(sometimes the same as the kitchen) have such a large need for hot water over short periods of time they generally have this, usually softened
Directly fired water heaters
most common, a fuel is burned and heat is transferred to to the water. May have integral or separate storage tanks
Indirectly fired water heaters
more likely found in facilities with steam, steam enters a coil or heat exchanger that transfers heat from the steam to the water. Generally kept separate from the water
Heat Pump water heaters
extract heat from the air within a space, the outside air, or a water source
uses a refrigeration cycle to remove heat from the air or water and transfer it to the water being heated
Solar energy
usually installed to warm the incoming water to the hotel the water is then heated to its final temperature
Waste heat recovery
these should be installed on equipment with long operating hours each year
On average, purchase costs account for about __________ percent of water costs; disposal costs account for the remaining __________ percent
50:50
A restaurant's storm sewer system disposes of
Rainwater
Water is "softened" by
Replacing hardness-causing minerals with sodium
Which of the following statements about mixing valves is true
They are designed to protect water users from being burned or scalded by hot water.
How do heat pump water heaters work
They extract heat from the air within a space, the outside air, or a water source
The balance between acidity and alkalinity in a swimming pool is established by using a test kit to measure the
pH of the water
The owner of the St. Paul Motor Inn in Minnesota is expanding the property and wants to install a new indoor swimming pool. To prevent heat loss, the owner plans to install the pool in as air-tight an enclosure as possible. As the facilities manager at th
are likely to provide uneven heating of the pool water, which would make swimmers uncomfortable
Voltage
measure of the electrical potential provided by the utility
Frequency
rate at which an alternating current power supply per second
Phases
refers to the number of energized or hot wires in the electrical supply
Amperes
wire size feeding the building, maximum current flow
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA does what
standards for electrical systems, safety-related work practices, maintenance requirements, special equipment
A measure of the electrical potential provided by an electric utility (often compared with water pressure in a water system) is termed
voltage
In an electrical system, "phases" refers to
the number of energized or "hot" wires in the electrical supply.
A property's distribution and control system splits the electrical supply into
Feeders
Which of the following statements is a good rule for taking care of equipment that uses electricity
Electrical equipment should be kept clean
Which of the following provides a much higher level of protection than a standard circuit breaker
ground fault circuit interrupter
Which of the following is a source of electrical power supply problems for hotels
a. natural phenomena, such as lightning
b. normal utility maintenance operations
c. faulty electrical systems in neighboring businesses
The charge based on a business's highest rate of energy usage during a billing period is called the __________ charge
demand
Convection heat loss reduces body temperature by way of
Transferring heat by moving cooler air over the body
What is normally called "the temperature" of a guestroom is known in the HVAC industry as
Dry Bulb Temperature
What is normally called "the humidity" of a guestroom is known in the HVAC industry as
Wet Bulb Temperature
In the vapor compression refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant is first __________ in the evaporator unit, then moved to the compressor and condenser units
boiled
The energy efficiency ratio (EER) of cooling equipment can be calculated by
dividing the amount of cooling achieved by the amount of energy used
The centralized HVAC system offering the greatest room temperature flexibility is the
Four-pipe system
The basic job of a thermostat is to
sense the temperature of the air at the thermostat and signal an HVAC unit to either turn on or turn off
Water is cooled in a cooling tower by a process of
Evaporation
The concept known as thermal storage conserves energy by
Using stored ice and cold water for cooling during periods of high energy cost
What is the most common type of electric discharge lamp
fluorescent
Illumination is typically measured in
Footcandles or lumens
David, the maintenance manager at the Riaston Hotel, purchased some replacement lamps for the hotel's guestrooms. The lamps have a lamp life of 1,000 hours; this means that each lamp is
expected to last for approximately 1,000 hours before burning out
Strike time" refers to
the time required for a lamp to reach full output from a cold start
Sarah is considering buying a luminaire with a visual comfort probability (VCP) rating of 90. What does this tell her about the luminaire
Most people would not find this fixture objectionable due to glare
Exit signs must operate
24 hours a day, every day
Why should plastic luminaires be air-dried
Wiping them dry might give them a new static charge
Some current and most older electric discharge lamps present special disposal problems because they contain
small amounts of mercury
Incandescent lamps have a longer lifetime and a higher efficiency than fluorescent lamps
False
Unlike incandescent lamps, it is usually more efficient and less costly to leave fluorescent lamps on than to turn them off, when leaving an area for short periods of tim
True
Group relamping is the replacement of all of the lamps in a specified area on a regular basis
True
Guest-use water temperatures should be
set no higher than 120 degrees Fahrenheit at the source
proper and regular maintenance of equipment
reduces energy use by maintaining the efficiency and prolonging the life of the equipment.
Recovery and reuse
Recovery and reuse capturing heat form exhaust air and using it to pre-heat the buildings incoming air is an example of
Items that are usually required by law or code to be connected to a hospitality business's emergency power system are
Fire pumps
Because electric utilities have been deregulated in the United States
Hotel managers must choose a utility company to supply their hotel's electricity
Which of the following systems is generally the most expensive option for heating water
Electric resistance
The problem with rooftop HVAC units is that
Their maintenance tends to be neglected
A notable change in guestroom lighting in recent years is that
incandescent lamps are being replaces with compact fluorescent lamps
The device that submeters water used for cooling towers, irrigation, and swimming pools, so that this water can be subtracted from the property's water disposal (sewer) bill, is known as a
Deduct Meter
lockout/tag out procedures lock out service of those circuits to be worked on so that no one accidentally energize them.
electrical maintenance is preformed
Proper and regular maintenance of equipment reduces energy use by
Maintaining the efficiency and prolonging the life of the equipment
Submetering, as a function of energy-use tracking and recording, is
A method of energy management in which meters are installed in energy using areas to monitor their specific usage
Which of the following statements is not a good rule for taking care of equipment that uses electricity
Overloading electrical equipment at least once during its use cycle helps the equipment operate at peak performance
An electrical device consumes 660 watts at 110 volts. What is the amperage capacity of this device
6
A column of water that is 200 feet high creates a pressure at its base of _______
86 psi
One-half ton of cooling is equivalent to
6,000 BTU's per hour
Thermal Storage
conserves energy by using stored ice and cold water for cooling during periods of high energy cost
Kitchen employees should be responsible for
the minor maintenance and cleaning of food preparation and cooking equipment.
Laundry chutes:
A. Must be regularly checked for lint and dirt
B. Should never be locked
C. Are self-maintaining because the laundry cleans them as it slides through
D. Should only be locked at night
A
Water hammer" occurs when:
A. Water flowing rapidly through a pipe is abruptly stopped
B. Calcium and other substances in water clog a pipe
C. Water is incorrectly treated by the water softener
d. Water in hot water heaters is brought to high temperature
A
The purpose of a storm water drainage system is to:
A. Carry rain water away from the property
B. Protect the property in case the local community's sanitary sewer system fails
C. Protect the property from underground springs
D. All of the above
A
A geothermal pump
uses the earth loop to extract heat from the ground. As the system pulls heat from the loop it distributes it through a conventional duct system as warm air. The same heat energy can also be used for a radiant floor system or domestic hot water heating.
Geothermal heating advantages
Can be set up for extremely efficient operation.
Can be used to heat and cool.
Geothermal uses renewable energy.
Clean operation. No combustion on site.
Long Life (50+ years for a closed loop ground loop)
Low maintenance (for a closed loop ground loop).
N
Geothermal heating disadvantages
Very costly to install.
Not a good solution for retrofits, which typically require high output temps (lowering efficiency substantially)
One-third or more of heating energy derived from electricity which is expensive
Units must run at low output temperatu
Pontiac Fever
The bacteria can also cause a less serious infection from Legionella Virus (more serious is Legionaires' Disease) that has symptoms similar to a mild case of the flu
but the negative affects it has on your business publicly can be as fatal as Legionaires'
Legionella
the key to preventing legionellosis is making sure that the water systems in buildings are maintained in order to reduce the risk of growing and spreading
Legionella breading grounds
Hot tubs
Hot water tanks and heaters
Large plumbing systems
Cooling towers (air-conditioning systems for large buildings)
Decorative fountains