2/3
How much of the total volume of body fluid is intracellular fluid?
Interstitial fluid
80% of the extracellular fluid is
Water
This is the largest single component of the human body.
Metabolic water
This is produced when electrons are accepted by oxygen during cellular respiration.
Dehydration
This occurs when water loss is greater than water gain.
Increased vasoconstriction
The response of the body to decreasing blood pressure will NOT cause which of the following?
Urinary salt loss
This is the main factor that determines body fluid volume.
Aldosterone
Which of the following is used to promote Na reabsorption by the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone
Which of the following is used to promote water reabsorption by the kidneys?
None of the above
Natriuresis
Increased Calcium reabsorption
A decline in angiotensin II levels does NOT result in
ADH
The major hormone that regulates water loss is
Dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids
Water intoxication results from
All of the above
Which of the following is a function of an electrolyte in the body?
Na+
In extracellular fluid the most abundant cation is a)Na+, b)CL-, c) K+, d) HPO42-, e) HCO2-
Cl-
In extracellular fluid the most abundant anion is: a)Na+, b)CL-, c) K+, d) HPO42-, e) HCO2-
K+
In intracellular fluid the most abundant cation is: a)Na+, b)CL-, c) K+, d) HPO42-, e) HCO2-
HPO42-
In intracellular fluid the most abundant anion is: a)Na+, b)CL-, c) K+, d) HPO42-, e) HCO2-
Aldosterone
The Na+ level in blood is controlled by
Chloride shift
This occurs between RBC and blood plasma as the blood level of carbon dioxide increases or decreases.
Calcium
This is the most abundant mineral in the body.
The main regulators of calcium in the blood
PTH, calcitriol and calcitonin are
Calcium phosphate salt
Most of the phosphate in a body is present as
Ways of controlling H+ levels in the body
Buffer systems, exhaling carbon dioxide and excretion by the kidneys are all
Nonvolatile acids
Metabolic reactions can produce
Acidosis
This is a condition where blood pH is below 7.35
systemic arterial blood is still lower than 7.35
In partial compensation
Blood pH to drop
Inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide can cause
Metabolic acidosis
This imbalance results when systemic arterial blood HCO3- levels drop significantly (below 22 mEq/liter)
Respiratory acidosis
This imbalance results when systemic arterial blood CO2 levels raise to abnormal values.
Vomiting
This is the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis.
7 times higher
The rate of fluid intake and outtake is how much higher in an infant than in an adult?
Causes greater water loss from the lungs
The breathing rate of an infant