What are some background facts to know about fluency shaping intensive programs?
- referrals
- advocates for programs
- follow-up after program
- training for SLPs (some programs)
- possible summer employment
What is precision fluency shaping based on?
behavioral principles
What does shaping involve?
the reinforcement of successive approximations
What's notable about fluency shaping?
it doesn't involve stuttering - it strips speech down to nothing and puts it back together
What is the Hollins Program?
a precision fluency shaping program (PFSP) ... changed name to Hollins because he thought copiers were diluting PFSP too much
Who created the Hollins program?
Ronald Webster - behavioral psychologist
Where is the Hollins Program based?
Roanoke, Virginia
What is the premise of the Speech Foundation of Ontario - Stuttering Center?
fluency plus
What is fluency plus?
it's almost the same as PFSP, but in am ore traditional clinical setting and designed for kids
Who created the Speech Foundation of Ontario - Stuttering Center?
Dr. Bob Kroll
What is the Demosthenes Society?
a fluency shaping practice group
What is the main premise of fluency shaping?
targets
What are the targets involved in fluency shaping?
- stretched syllable
- full breath
- gentle onset
- slow change
- reduced air pressure
- reduced articulatory pressure
What is a target?
a specific motor skill for speech
Explain the full breath target:
- relaxed, open vocal tract (neutral position)
- slow movement of diaphragm
- no hesitation at the top
- relax the diaphragm
- exhale completely
- perform in isolation, then add voice
For a PWS, what can a rapid inhale cause?
tension that results in a lock up
How are full breaths different from traditional breathing?
you have equal inhale and exhale time (instead of rapid inhale, sustained exhale)
How many classes of sound are there?
4
Which of the classes are stretchable?
1 and 2