What is a photon?
a packet of energy
How do you find a photons energy?
E = hf
Photoelectric Effect - What is it?
the emission of electrons or other free carriers when electromagnetic radiation, like light, hits a material. Electrons emitted in this manner can be called photoelectrons.
Photoelectric Effect equations
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When does the photoelectric effect occur?
when photons transfer energy to electrons
What does the velocity and kinetic energy of the photoelectron depend on?
The classical expectation of the photoelectric effect was that the number of emitted electrons would depend upon the frequency, and their kinetic energy should depend upon the intensity of the light wave
Once the photoelectric effect occurs, what does the current depend on?
The current emitted by the surface was determined by the light's intensity, or brightness: doubling the intensity of the light doubled the number of electrons emitted from the surface.
How fast does the photoelectric effect occur once a photon hits the metal?
instantaneously
What photons are absorbed (Energy Level Diagram)?
Visible Light and X-rays
Photons are absorbed in a solid through a process known as the photoelectric effect whereby a photon interacts with an electron by giving all its energy to the electron. In effect, the photon disappears and energy is transferred t
What photon emissions occur (Energy Level Diagram)?
Stimulated emission is the process by which an incoming photon of a specific frequency can interact with an excited atomic electron (or other excited molecular state), causing it to drop to a lower energy level.
How do you find the frequency of emitted photons (Energy Level Diagram)?
E = hf
What is the Ionization Energy? What is another name for it?
ionization energy (American English spelling) or ionisation energy (British English spelling), denoted Ei, is the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron, the valence electron, of an isolated neutral gaseous atom or mol
Compton Effect - What is it?
the scattering of a photon by a charged particle, usually an electron. It results in a decrease in energy of the photon, called the Compton effect. Part of the energy of the photon is transferred to the recoiling electron.
What is the energy equation (Compton Effect)?
K = hf - hf/ = hc/? - hc/?/ = hc [ 1/? - 1/?/ ]
What are x-rays?
High frequency, short wavelength electromagnetic waves
How are x-rays produced?
by the acceleration of electrons from the cathode to the anode - DC (direct current) only
How did they know that x-rays were not charged particles?
went straight through
What is the energy equation (x-rays)?
E=hc
Pair Production - What is it?
formation or materialization of two electrons, one negative and the other positive (positron), from a pulse of electromagnetic energy traveling through matter, usually in the vicinity of an atomic nucleus. Pair production is a direct conversion of radiant
What is antimatter?
It consists of particles that are just like those of ordinary matter except with opposite properties, such as opposite charge.
How do you determine the energy of the pair?
...
What is meant by Wave-Particle Dualism?
the concept in quantum mechanics that every particle or quantum entity may be described as either a particle or a wave. ... For macroscopic particles, because of their extremely short wavelengths, wave properties usually cannot be detected.
What are some particle characteristics of electromagnetic radiation (Wave-Particle Dualis) ?
either acts as a wave or a particle, a photon. As a wave, it is represented by velocity, wavelength, and frequency. Light is an EM wave since the speed of EM waves is the same as the speed of light. As a particle, EM is represented as a photon, which tran
What are some wave characteristics of an electron (Wave-Particle Dualis)?
an electron which has been regarded as a particle also behaves like a wave. Thus, according to de Broglie, all the material particles in motion possess wave characteristics. Although the dual nature of matter is applicable to all material objects but it i
How do you find the momentum of a wave?
p=h?
How do you find the momentum of a particle?
p =mv
How do you find the wavelength of a particle?
?=h/mv
What is meant by the Wave Function and Probability vs Determinism?
give the probability of finding an electron in an atom
What did the Michelson-Morley Experiment attempt to measure?
an attempt to detect the existence of the luminiferous aether, a supposed medium permeating space that was thought to be the carrier of light waves.
What does the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle say?
the position and the velocity of an object cannot both be measured exactly, at the same time, even in theory
What does the Pauli Exclusion Principle say?
states that, in an atom or molecule, no two electrons can have the same four electronic quantum numbers. As an orbital can contain a maximum of only two electrons, the two electrons must have opposing spins.
When can you use eV and when do you need joules?
eV - Emission, absorption, spectrum
joues - KE = 1/2mv^2