Agribusiness
Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
Agricultural Revolution
The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
Agriculture
The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain
Aquaculture (or aquafarming)
Raising marine and freshwater fish in ponds and underwater cages
cereal grain
A grass yielding grain for food.
commercial agriculture
agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm
crop
Any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season.
crop rotation
The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.
Dairy farm
a form of commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of milk and other dairy products.
Desertification
Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.
Dietary energy consumption
The amount of food that an individual consumes, measured in kilocalories.
Double cropping
Harvesting twice a year from the same field.
fishing
the capture of wild fish and other seafood living in the waters
food security
Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
A living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology
grain
Seed of a cereal grass
Green Revolution
Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.
Horticulture
The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. Usually by using hand tools.
Intensive subsistence agriculture
A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.
milkshed
The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.
mixed crop and livestock farming
commercial farming characterized by integration of crops and livestock; most of the crops are fed to animals rather than consumed directly by humans
no tillage
a farming practice that leaves all of the soil undisturbed and the entire residue of the previous year's harvest left untouched on the fields
overfishing
capturing fish faster than they can reproduce
paddy
Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah.
pastoral nomadism
A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
Plantation
A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.
prime agricultural land
the most productive farmland
ranching
A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
ridge tillage
System of planting crops on ridge tops, in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.
Sawah
A flooded field for growing rice
Shifting cultivation
A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.
Slash-and-burn agriculture
Another name for shifring cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.
Subsistence agricultural
Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family
Swidden
A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.
Transhumance
The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.
Truck farming
Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities.
undernourishment
Dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity.
wet rice
Rice planted on dryland in a nursery, then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth.