urine

_________ membrane proteins that function as water channels

aquaporins

_________ a secondary active transport process that achieves Na+ reabsorption returns filtered HCO3- and water to the peritubular capillaries and secretes H+

Na+/H+ , antiporters

_________ stimulates principal cells to secrete more K+ into tubular fluid and absorb more Na+ and Cl- into tubular fluid

aldosterone

_________ enzyme secreted by juxtaglomerular cells

renin

_________ reduces glomerular filtration rate; increases blood volume and pressure

angiotensin II

_________ inhibits Na+ and H2O reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts

atrial natriuretic peptide

_________ regulates facultative water reabsorption by increasing the water permeability of principal cells in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts

ADH

_________ reabsorb Na+ together with a variety of other solutes

Na+ symporters

_________ stimulates cells in the distal convoluted tubule to reabsorb more calcium into the blood

parathyroid hormone

_________ measure of blood nitrogen resulting from the catabolism and deamination of amino acids

BUN test

_________ produced from the catabolism of creatine phosphate in skeletal muscle

plasma creatinine

_________ volume of blood that is cleared of a substance per unit of time

renal plasma clearance

_________ can result from diabetes mellitus

glucosuria

_________ insoluble stones of crystallized salts

renal calculi

_________ usually indicates a pathological condition

hematuria

_________ lack of voluntary control of micturition

incontinence

_________ can be caused by damage to the filtration membranes

albuminuria

_________ cells in the last portion of the distal convoluted tubule and in the collecting ducts; regulated by ADH and aldosterone

principal cells

_________ a capillary network lying in the glomerular capsule and functioning in filtration

glomerulus

_________ the functional unit of the kidney

nephron

_________ drains into a collecting duct

distal convoluted tubule

_________ combined glomerulus and glomerular capsule; where plasma is filtered

renal corpuscle

_________ the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule consisting of modified simple squamous epithelial cells

podocytes

_________ cells of the final portion of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle that make contact with the afferent arteriole

macula densa

_________ site of obligatory water reabsorption

proximal convoluted tubule

_________ pores in the glomerular endothelial cells that allow filtration of blood solutes but not blood cells and platelets

fenestrations

_________ can secrete H+ against a concentration gradient

intercalated cells

_________ modified smooth muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole

juxtaglomerular cells