_________ membrane proteins that function as water channels
aquaporins
_________ a secondary active transport process that achieves Na+ reabsorption returns filtered HCO3- and water to the peritubular capillaries and secretes H+
Na+/H+ , antiporters
_________ stimulates principal cells to secrete more K+ into tubular fluid and absorb more Na+ and Cl- into tubular fluid
aldosterone
_________ enzyme secreted by juxtaglomerular cells
renin
_________ reduces glomerular filtration rate; increases blood volume and pressure
angiotensin II
_________ inhibits Na+ and H2O reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
atrial natriuretic peptide
_________ regulates facultative water reabsorption by increasing the water permeability of principal cells in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
ADH
_________ reabsorb Na+ together with a variety of other solutes
Na+ symporters
_________ stimulates cells in the distal convoluted tubule to reabsorb more calcium into the blood
parathyroid hormone
_________ measure of blood nitrogen resulting from the catabolism and deamination of amino acids
BUN test
_________ produced from the catabolism of creatine phosphate in skeletal muscle
plasma creatinine
_________ volume of blood that is cleared of a substance per unit of time
renal plasma clearance
_________ can result from diabetes mellitus
glucosuria
_________ insoluble stones of crystallized salts
renal calculi
_________ usually indicates a pathological condition
hematuria
_________ lack of voluntary control of micturition
incontinence
_________ can be caused by damage to the filtration membranes
albuminuria
_________ cells in the last portion of the distal convoluted tubule and in the collecting ducts; regulated by ADH and aldosterone
principal cells
_________ a capillary network lying in the glomerular capsule and functioning in filtration
glomerulus
_________ the functional unit of the kidney
nephron
_________ drains into a collecting duct
distal convoluted tubule
_________ combined glomerulus and glomerular capsule; where plasma is filtered
renal corpuscle
_________ the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule consisting of modified simple squamous epithelial cells
podocytes
_________ cells of the final portion of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle that make contact with the afferent arteriole
macula densa
_________ site of obligatory water reabsorption
proximal convoluted tubule
_________ pores in the glomerular endothelial cells that allow filtration of blood solutes but not blood cells and platelets
fenestrations
_________ can secrete H+ against a concentration gradient
intercalated cells
_________ modified smooth muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole
juxtaglomerular cells