The pulmonary circuit is supplied by both the right and left side of the heart
FALSE
the systemic circuit contains oxygen rich blood only
FALSE
the fibrous skeleton of the heart serves as electrical insulation between the atria and the ventricles
TRUE
When a pulse is palpated and counted which pressure would be characteristic at that moment diastolic or systolic?
Systolic
explain the relationship between inspironatiation , pressure changes in the thoracic cavity , venous return ( movement of blood in veins) heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output at rest
During inspiration, intrathoracic pressure is reduced, which will decrease venous return from the pulmonary circulation to the left atrium of the heart and decrease preload; heart rate will therefore increase slightly to compensate and maintain the same c
blood in the heart chambers provides most of the myocardiums oxygen and nutrient needs
false.
desmosomes form channels that allow each cardiocyte to electrically stimulate its neighbors
FALSE
parasympathetic stimulation reduces heart rate
TRUE
cardiac muscle can only use glucose as a source of organic fuel
false. Csrdiac muscle depends os aerobic respiration used to make ATP. Rich in myoglobin and glycogen. Huge fill in mitochondria
the SA node is damaged , nodal rhythm is sufficient to sustain life
TRUE
re polarization of ventricular cardiocyte takes longer than re-polarization of a typical neuron
TRUE
Atrial hypertrophy would probably cause an enlarged P wave on an electrocardiogram
TRUE
papillary muscle prevent the AV valves from prolapsing ( bulging) excessively into the atria when the ventricles contract
TRUE
the ventricles are almost empty at the end of ventricular diastole
flase
ventricular pressure increases the fastest during ventricular filling
FALSE
hypercpnia and aidosis have positive chronotropic effect
TRUE
endurance athletes commonly have a resting heart rate as low as 40 bpm and stroke volume as low as 50 ml/beat
FALSE
_______ carry oxygen poor blood
A. pulmonary veins and vena cavae
B. Aorta and pulmonary veins
C. Aorta and Vena Cavae
D. Venae Cavae and pulmonary arteires
e. Pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries
pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries
____ belong to the pulmonary circuit.
A. aorta and venae cavae
b.- aorta and pulmonary veins
c.- pulmonary arteries and venae cavae
d.- venae cavae and pulmonary veins
e. pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins
pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins
____ is the most superficial layer enclosing the heart
a.- parietal pericardium
b. visceral pericardium
c.- endocardium
d. epicardium
e. myocardium
parietal pericardium
pericardial fluid is found in between ?
a. the visceral pericardium and the myocardium
b. the visceral pericardium and the epicardium
c.- the parietal and visceral membranes
d. myocardium and endocardium
e. epicardium and myocardium
the parietal and visceral membranes
the ___ performs the work of the heart
a. fibrous skeleton
b. pericardial cavity
c. endocardium
d. myocardium
e.epicardium
fibrous skeleton
the triscupid valve regulates the opening between
a. the right atrium and right ventricle
b. the right atrium and left ventricle
c. the left atrium and left ventricle
d. the left atrium and the left ventricle
e. the left ventricle anthe rigth ventricle
the rigth atrium and the right ventricle
oxygen poor blood passes through
a. the right AV valve and the pullmonary valve
b. the rigth AV valve only
c. the left AV ( biscupid) valve and aortic valve
d. the left AV biscupid valve only
e. the pulmonary and aortic valves
the right AV valve and the pulmonary valve
opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by
valves contracting and relaxing
after entering the rigth atrium , the furthest a red blood cell can travel is the
ascending aorta
obstruction of the ___ will cause a more severe myocardial infarction (MI) than obstruction of any others
left coronary artery
cardiac muscle shares this fetures with skeletal muscle
..
the__ is the pacemaker that intitiates each heart beat
SA node
which of these is not part of the cardiac conduction cycle?
a. SA node
b. the tendinous cords (TC)
c. the AV node
d. the AV bundle ( bundle of his)
e. teh purkinje fibers
the tendinous cords ( TC) . The parts of conduction system are the following SA, AV node, AV bundle, bundle of his, Purkinje fibers
these are features of cardiac muscle fibers except
a they depend almost exclusively on aerobic respiration.
b. they have a huge mitochondria
c. they are very rich in glyocgen
d. they are rich in myoglonin
e. they have about the same endurance as skeletal
E
this is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to cardiocyte in the left ventricel
SA node, AV node, AV bundle( Bundle of his) and bundle pukinje fibers; cardiocyte in LV
the pacemaker potential result is
NA inflow .. not sure
the palteu in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of
slow ca channels
this figure shows electrical activity of SA node __ indicates when calcium enters the myocytes
2
this figures shows an action potential in a ventricular cardiocyte . ___ indicates when sodium channels are fully open.
2 ventricular systolic
Cells of sinoatrial node ___ during the pacemaker potential
depolarize slow
Any abnormal cardiac rhythm is called
arrhythmia
If the SA is damaged , the heart will likely beat at
40- 50 bpm
the ___ provides most of ca needed for myocardial contraction
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Atrial systole begins
immediately after P wave
Atrial depolarization causes
the P wave
the long the plateu phase in the action potential observed in cardiocytes related with __ staying longer in their cytosol
CA
the long absolute refractory period of cardiocytes
prevents tetanus
this figures shows a normal electrocardiogram. missing of the waves point _ might indicate SA node damage
1
this figure shows a normal electrocardiogram . two or more consecutive waves at point 1 migth suggest
heart block
this figure shows a normal electrocardiogram. the deflection at ponts___ is generated by the ventricular repolarization and it is called the ___
4,2 ,5 and QRS complex
when the left ventricle contracts , the __ valve closes and the __ valve is pushed open
mitral ; aortic
mitral valves stenosis causes blood to leak back into the___ when the ventricles contract
left atrium - not sure
Isovolumetric contraction occurs during the __ of the electrocardiogram
R wave
During isovolumetric contraction , the pressure in the ventricles
rises rapidly
mitral valves prolapse (MVP) generates a murmur associated with the __ heart sound that occurs when the__
lubb (S1) ; ventricles contract
this is the correct sequence of event of cardiac cycle
ventricular filling, isovolumetric contraction- ventricular ejection, isovolumetric realxation.
most of the ventricle filling occurs
during atrial diastole
events of cardiac cycle
aortic valve opening
this figure shows the events of the cardiac cycle . At 0.2 sec in the graph
the AV valve is open
congestive heart failure (CHF) of the right ventricle
can cause systemic edema
____ increases stroke volume.
increased venous return
the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute is called
cardiac output
cardioinhibitory centers in the ___ receive input from___
A.- cortex; propioceptors in the muscles
B.- hypothalamus; chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata
C.- hypothalamus; propioceptors in the joints
D.- Medulla oblongata; chemoresecptors in the aortic
medulla oblongata; chemo receptors in the aortic
the frank staling law of the heart states that strokes volume is proportional to
the end diastolic volume