What does the respiratory system bring into the body?
oxygen
What does the respiratory system eliminate?
carbon dioxide
What transports the gases?
the blood
What is oxygen transported to?
tissues
What is carbon dioxide transported to?
the lungs
nasal cavity
a space within and posterior to the external nose
pharynx
the muscular tubes extending from the nasal cavity to the esophagus and larynx; also called the throat
external nares
the external openings leading into the nasal cavities; also called the nostrils
trachea
the respiratory tune that extends from the larynx to the main (primary) bronchi
larynx
part of the respiratory passageway located between the trachea and the pharynx. It keeps the airway open, prevents food from entering the airway, and produces sound.
right primary bronchus
one of the two large respiratory tubes (right and left main bronchi) that branches from the trachea and enters a lung
left primary bronchus
one of the two large respiratory tubes (right and left main bronchi) that branches from the trachea and enters a lung
right lung
one of the paired respiratory system organs (right and left lungs) in which gas exchange occurs
left lung
one of the paired respiratory system organs (right and left lungs) in which gas exchange occurs
diaphragm
the muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from abdominopelvic cavity, it contracts during inspiration
What are the serous membranes that surround each lung called?
pleurae
visceral pleura
the serous membrane which covers the external surface of each lung
parietal pleura
the serous membrane which lines the thoracic wall and the mediastinum, and covers the superior surface of the diaphragm on each side of the thoracic cavity
mediastinum
the region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs
pleural cavity
the slit-like space between the visceral and parietal pleurae
pleural fluid
serous lubricating fluid within the pleural cavity, secreted by the pleurae
What are the branching airways of a lung called?
bronchial tree
primary (main) bronchus
one of the two large resp. tubes (right and left main bronchi) that branches from the trachea and enters a lung
secondary (lobar) bronchus
a respiratory tube that branches from a main bronchus and leads into one lung lobe
segmental (tertiary) bronchus
a respiratory tube that branches from a secondary bronchus and leads into one bronchopulmonary segment of the lung
bronchiole
a very small air passage without supporting cartilage
terminale bronchiole
the smallest final type of bronchiole in the conducting zone
respiratory zone
the lung region containing alveoli, where gas exchange occurs
alveoli
thin-walled, air-filled sacs in which gas exchanges occur
alveolar sac
cluster of alveoli that open into common space
What vessels carry blood that is low in oxygen from the heart to the lungs?
pulmonary arteries
What blood vessels completely surround each alveolus?
capillaries
What gases are exchanged between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries?
oxygen and carbon dioxide
What vessels transport oxygenated blood back to the heart?
pulmonary veins
What is the strong attraction between water molecules at the surface of the alveolar fluid called?
surface tension
What does surfactant do to the surface tension of alveolar fluid?
lowers the surface tension
What would an alveolus do if it were lined with pure water?
collapse
What makes up the respiratory membranes?
the alveolar and capillary wall
What do oxygen and carbon dioxide do across the respiratory membrane?
diffuses easily