two pumps
The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps?
right atrium
The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps?
left atrium
Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins?
right ventricle
Which heart chamber pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk?
left ventricle
Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the systemic circuit?
1.) SA Node
2.) Internodal Pathways
3.) AV Node
4.) AV Bundle
5.) Bundle Brances
6.) Purkinje Fibers
Arrange these elements of the intrinsic conduction system in the order that a depolarizing impulse travels during a normal heartbeat:
Purkinje Fibers, Internodal pathways, SA node, Bundle branches, AV bundle, AV node
1. )Bundle branches
2.) SA node
3.) AV node
4.) AV Bundle
5.) Internodal Pathways
6.) Purkinje Fibers
Match the cardiac components in the left column to the blanks near their functions on the right:
1.)_____ convey(s) the impulse down the inter ventricular septum
2.)____set(s) the pace for entire hear
3.)____ delay(s) occurs here while atria contract
____
SA node
Which part of the intrinsic conduction system normally initiates the depolarizing impulse that causes a heartbeat?
AV node
Which of these structures conduct(s) action potentials the slowest?
The tiles below are pieces of a normal ECG tracing representing a little less than two heartbeats at a resting rate of 80 bpm. Arrange the tiles in their correct order.
Drag and drop the images in the correct order of an ECG tracing
so blood is forced upward, toward semilunar valves
The anatomy of the intrinsic conduction system causes contraction of the ventricles to begin at the apex and move superiorly. Why is this important?
Purkinje fibers initiate spontaneous action potentials, which cause the ventricles to contract early.
A person notices his or her heart beat because he or she senses blood being pumped by the heart. Excessive caffeine intake can lead to irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) that patients perceive as "skipped beats." Given that caffeine is a stimulant, whi
Art-Labeling Activity: overview of the cardiacs conduction system
1.) Rapid depolarization phase: voltage-gated Na+ channels activate and Na+ enter, rapidly depolarizing the membrane
2.) Initial Repolarization phase: Na+ channels are inactivated and some K+ channels open; K+ leak out, causing a small initial depolarizat
Rank from the first to the last steps to describe the correct order of events of a cardiac contractile cell action potential. Refer to the graph of a contractile cell action potential as you rank the events
1.) Slow initial depolarization
2.) Full Depolarization phase
3.) Repolarization phase
4.) Minimum potential phase
Rank from the first to the last steps to describe the correct order of events of a pacemaker cell action potential. Refer to the graph of a pacemaker cell action potential as you rank the events.
closing of the atrioventricular valves
The beginning of the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram (ECG) immediately precedes which of the following events?
Closing of atrioventricular valves
Which of the following can be heard with a stethoscope most easily?
?Identify the phases of the cardiac cycle by dragging the appropriate labels to their respective targets.
Rank the phases of the cardiac cycle from first to last. Do not overlap any phases.
Place the appropriate valve position for the atrioventricular valves (AV) and semilunar valves for each phase of the cardiac cycle on the left side of the heart.
?Identify the valves' positions by dragging the appropriate labels to their respective target
9.9 L/min
Calculate the cardiac output if heart rate (HR) is 90 beats per minute, stroke volume (SV) is 110 ml/beat, end diastolic volume (EDV) is 140 ml, and end systolic volume (ESV) is 30 ml.
CONTRAACTILITY
An increase in sympathetic stimulation of the heart would increase stroke volume by increasing __________.
Match the term in the left column to the blanks near their definition on the right.
1. Heart rate (HR): the number of heart beats per minute
2. End diastolic volume (EDV): the volume of blood in one ventricle before contraction
3. Stroke volume (SV): the
Match the term in the left column to the blanks near their definition on the right.
1. ________: the number of heart beats per minute
2. ________: the volume of blood in one ventricle before contraction
3. ________: the volume of blood per heart beat pump
Increased sympathetic activity: Increase HR, SV, CO
Increase Preload: No change in HR, increase SV and CO
Increased exercise: Increase HR, SV, CO
Increase contractility: No change in HR, increase SV and CO
Predict the changes in heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output for each of the following conditions by filling out the table below.
Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.
no change in cardiac output, increased heart rate, decreased stroke volume
As part of a blood drive on campus for the American Red Cross, you and your friends have just donated 500 ml of blood. You are now relaxing at the student lounge, waiting for A&P lab to begin. Unfortunately, even though you are thirsty, you haven't bother
increased heart rate and increased stroke volume
Which of the following would increase cardiac output to the greatest extent?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which of the following would increase heart rate?
increased contractility
How would an increase in the sympathetic nervous system increase stroke volume?
increased end diastolic volume
By what mechanism would an increase in venous return increase stroke volume?
decreased stroke volume and no change in cardiac output
How would a decrease in blood volume affect both stroke volume and cardiac output?
look at picture
Jerome McCoy is a 62-year-old African American male. He came to the emergency room at approximately 3:00 a.m. this morning. He told the nurse that he didn't feel well last night and thought he had heartburn from the spicy dinner he had eaten. However, he
1.) A
2.) D
3.) F
4.) B
5.) G
6.) H
Let's review the electrical events that occur during a heartbeat. Match each phase of the ECG in the figure with its description.
1.) ___: the atria depolarize
2.) ___: the action potential is in the AV node
3.) ___ the ventricles depolarize
4.) ___: the
An elevated ST segment
If Jerome is having an acute MI, which ECG change would you expect to see?
These proteins are normally found inside cardiac muscle cells and if present in the blood indicate damage to the cells.
Jerome also had blood work done to confirm the MI. The presence of troponin, or cardiac enzymes such as CK-MB, are a positive indicator of an MI. Why is their presence at higher levels in the blood indicative of an MI?
Nitroglycerine, Supplemental Oxygen, and Pain medication
Which type of treatment might Jerome receive once the MI is confirmed?
-Anticoagulants such as aspirin or heparin. They decrease the blood's ability to clot and are known as blood thinners (although they don't actually make the blood thinner).
-Ca++ channel blockers to decrease the strength of the heart's contraction and to
Jerome will probably be placed on medication to decrease the workload of his heart and give it time to reset and recover. Remember that, once damaged, cardiac muscle does not repair via regeneration; it forms scar tissue that does not work normally. Which
in the mediastinum
The heart is located _________.
right coronary artery
The area shaded in orange receives blood supply from the __________.
visceral pericardium
The visceral pericardium is also known as the __________.
left ventricle
The cardiac chamber with the thickest wall is the __________.
chord tendineae
The cusps of the atrioventricular valves attach to the papillary muscles via the __________.
pulmonary trunk
Blood that leaves the right ventricle enters the __________.
the duration of atrial depolarization and AV node delay
The highlighted portion of this ECG trace corresponds to __________.
involve calcium voltage-gated channels
Unlike skeletal muscle action potentials, cardiac muscle action potentials __________.
SA node
The main pacemaker of the heart is the __________.
Ca2+ influx
The plateau phase of the cardiac action potential is due to __________.
delayed; before
The electrical impulse is __________ as it passes through the AV node, which permits the atria to contract __________ ventricles.
the pressure in the left ventricle falls below aortic pressure
The aortic valve closes when __________.
the atrioventricular valves open.
Which of the following events will immediately follow the phase of the cardiac cycle depicted in the figure?
B
The aortic valve opens at __________.
isovolumetric contraction
Ventricular systole begins during the __________ phase of the cardiac cycle.
pressure in the ventricles increases
The AV valves close when __________.
ventricles
The chambers that have just emptied when the second heart sound is heard are the __________.
Increased contractility
Which of the following is appropriate for the box identified with a question mark?
A
The main negative chronotropic effect on the heart is exerted by __________.
80 milliliters
*SV= EDV-ESV
Calculate the stroke volume (SV) of a patient whose EDV is 140 milliliters and whose ESV is 60 milliliters.
decreased; decreased
Blood loss will diminish the venous return and therefore decrease the preload. A decreased preload would cause a decrease in the stroke volume and therefore a decrease in the CO.
Hemorrhage would lead to a __________ preload and therefore __________ cardiac output.
decreased ESV
Digoxin is a positive inotropic agent derived from the foxglove family of plants. Which of the following is an effect of digoxin?
no change
CO= HR
SV= 2HR
SV/2
How will the cardiac output change if you double the heart rate but reduce the stroke volume by one-half?
End-diastolic Volume
The maximum amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of the ventricular filling phase is called __________.
a stronger contraction
According to the Frank-Starling law, a bigger preload will result in __________.
Acetylcholline
Which of the following is a chronotropic agent that decreases heart rate?
full depolarization phase.
The rapid influx of calcium ions into pacemaker cells creates a positive membrane potential inside the cell and is responsible for the: