Cranial Nerve I
Olfactory, S, Special Sensory (smell)
Cranial nerve II
Optic, S, Special Sensory (vision)
Cranial nerve III
Oculomotor, M, Motor (eye movements)
Cranial nerve IV
Trochlear, M, Motor (eye movements)
Cranial Nerve V
Trigeminal, B, Mixed (sensory and motor) to face
Cranial nerve VI
Abducens, M, Motor (eye movements)
Cranial Nerve VII
Facial, B, Mixed (sensory and motor) to face
Cranial Nerve VIII
Vestibulocochlear, S, Vestibular: special sensory balance and equilibrium; Cochlear: special sensory hearing
Cranial Nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal, B, Mixed (sensory and motor) to head and neck
Cranial Nerve X
Vagus, B, Mixed (sensory and motor) thorax and abdomen
Cranial nerve XI
Accessory, M, motor to muscles of neck and back
Cranial Nerve XII
Hypoglossal, M, Motor (tongue movements)
What embryonic brain vesicles forms the cerebrum?
telencephalon
Which of the meninges is adhered to the surface of the brain and accompanies the branches of the blood vessels as they penetrate the surface of the brain?
pia mater
Parts of brain stem
midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
Functions of CSF
cushions and supports brain, transport nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products
Functions of medulla oblongata
relays sensory information to thalamus and other parts of brain stem, autonomic centers regulation of visceral function (cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive system)
4 groups of components of pons
sensory and motor nuclei of cranial nerves, nuclei involved with respiration, nuclei and tracts process and relay information, ascending, descending and transverse tracts
White matter in the cerebellum is called the ________________ because it resembles a tree.
Arbor Vitae
Function of cerebellum
fine-tuning muscle movements, coordinate complex somatic patterns
The corpora quadrigemina process __________.
visual and auditory sensations
Function of thalamus
to filter and pass sensory information to the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex
Functions of hypothalamus
subconscious control of skeletal muscle contractions, control of autonomic function, coordinating activities of nervous and endocrine systems
What produces the hormone melatonin?
Pineal gland
Limbic system function
responsible for establishing emotional states
Central lobe that is most anterior?
Frontal
Function of basal nuclei
muscle tone and learned movement patterns
What region of the cerebral cortex receives sensory information from the taste receptors of the tongue and pharynx?
gustatory cortex
What directs voluntary movements by initiating impulses in somatic motor neurons?
primary motor cortex
Which cranial nerve contains sensory fibers coming from the inner ear and is responsible for hearing and balance?
Vestibulocochlear
Which cranial nerve has five branches and controls the lacrimal and salivary glands and muscles of the face?
facial nerve
Which reflex is a visceral cranial reflex?
direct light reflex
What major region of the brain is responsible for conscious thought processes, sensations, intellectual functions, memory, and complex motor patterns?
cerebrum
The cerebrum of the adult brain ultimately forms from the __________.
Telencephalon
The slender canal that connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle is the __________.
aqueduct of midbrain
Which of the following provides mechanical protection for the brain by cradling the brain?
bones of the skull
What protects and supports the brain?
cranial meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood-brain barrier
Combination of specialized ependymal cells and permeable capillaries producing CSF
choroid plexus
Monitoring of the composition of the CSF and removal of waste products from the CSF occur in the __________.
choroid plexus
Why might damage to the pons be sufficient to cause death?
The pons contains the pneumotaxic and apneustic centers
The cardiovascular centers and the respiratory rhythmicity centers are located in the __________.
medulla oblongata
In the medulla oblongata, the relay stations along sensory or motor pathways consist of the __________.
nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus
The pons links the cerebellum with the __________.
midbrain, diencephalon, cerebrum, and spinal cord
Excess cerebrospinal fluid is returned to the venous circulation by __________.
diffusion across arachnoid villi
Coordination and refinement of learned movement patterns at the subconscious level are performed by the __________.
cerebellum
The epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus are anatomical structures of the __________.
diencephalon
Relay and processing centers for sensory information are found in the __________.
thalamus
The sea horse-like structure in the limbic system responsible for storage and retrieval of new long-term memories is the __________.
hippocampus
The functions of the limbic system serve to identify its role as a __________.
motivational system
Assume that as you are taking this practice exam, you are concentrating and giving it your full attention. If you were connected to an EEG at this moment, what type of brain waves would it record?
beta waves
The masses of gray matter that lie within each cerebral hemisphere deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle are the __________.
basal nuclei
The neurons in the primary sensory cortex receive somatic sensory information from __________.
touch, pressure, pain, taste, and temperature receptors
The somatic motor association area is responsible for the __________.
coordination of learned motor responses
Pyramidal cells are cortical neurons that __________.
direct voluntary movements
A loud noise produces a tympanic reflex that results in __________.
reduced movement of auditory ossicles
The versatility of the brain to respond to stimuli is greater than that of the spinal cord because of __________.
number of neurons and complex interconnections between neurons
The mesencephalon, or midbrain, processes __________.
visual and auditory information and generates involuntary motor responses
An individual with a damaged visual association area __________.
can see letters clearly cannot recognize them
The three major groups of axons that comprise the central white matter are __________.
association, commissural, projection fibers
David hears a strange noise at his back door late one night. It sounds as though someone is trying to break into his home. He automatically goes into a fight-or-flight response. What part of the limbic system helps control the flight-or-flight response?
amygdaloid body
The mamillary bodies in the floor of the hypothalamus contain motor nuclei that control the reflex movements involved with __________.
chewing, licking, swallowing
Hypothalamic or thalamic stimulation that depresses reticular formation activity in the brain stem results in __________.
lethargy or sleep
The pineal gland, an endocrine structure that secretes the hormone melatonin, is found in the __________.
epithalamus
The pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus integrate
sensory information for projection to the association areas of the cerebral cortex
The hypothalamus produces and secretes the hormones __________.
ADH and oxytocin
The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus __________.
secretes oxytocin
The nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surfaces of the mesencephalon are the __________.
cerebral peduncles
What about subdural hemorrhage?
A break in a vein may cause blood to flow to the meningeal layer of the dura mater and down to the arachnoid layer.
The centers in the pons that modify the activity of the respiratory rhythmicity center in the medulla oblongata are the __________.
apneustic and pneumotaxic centers
Which of the following supply/supplies fresh blood, with oxygen and nutrients, to the brain?
internal carotid and vertebral arteries
Neural tissue in the CNS is isolated from the general circulation by the
blood-brain barrier
The CSF reaches the subarachnoid space via __________.
three holes in 4th ventricle
The central white matter of the cerebrum is found __________.
under neural cortex around cerebral nuclei
Visual information has been processed in Jennifer's right visual association area, and impulses are then sent to her right prefrontal cortex to be used in decision making. Which type of white fiber carries the information to her prefrontal cortex?
longitudinal fasciculi
What is the effect on the right eye when a bright light is shown into the left eye?
consensual light reflex
Alpha waves
normal resting adult or schizophrenic if doing an activity
Beta waves
intense concentration
Theta waves
frustration
Delta Waves
deep sleep