Terms Used to Describe Direction and Surface
...
Ventral
refers to the belly or underside of a body or body part.
Dorsal
Refers to the back.
Cranial
Toward the head.
Caudal
Toward the tail.
Anterior
Front of the body.
Posterior
Rear of the body.
Rostral
Nose end of the head.
Cephalic
Pertaining to the head.
Medial
Toward the midline.
Lateral
Away from the midline.
Superior
Uppermost, above, or toward the head.
Inferior
Lowermost, below, or toward the tail.
Proximal
Nearest the midline or nearest to the beginning of a structure.
Distal
Farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure.
Superficial
Near the Surface.
Deep
Away from the Surface.
Palmer
The Caudal surface of the manus (front paw) including the carpus.
Plantar
The Caudal surface of the pes (Rear paw) including the tarsus.
Surfaces of Teeth
...
Lingual Surface
is the aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue.
Palatal Surface
is the tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue.
Buccal Surface
is the aspect of the tooth that faces the cheek.
Also sometimes called the Vestibular Surface
Occlusal Surfaces
are the aspects of the teeth that meet when you chew.
Labial surface
is the tooth surface facing the lips.
Contact Surfaces
are the aspects of the tooth that touch other teeth.
Contact Surfaces are divided into...mesial and distal.
Cavity
is a hole or hallow space in the body that contains and protects internal organs.
Cranial Cavity
is the hollow space that contains the brain in the skull.
Spinal Cavity
is the hallow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column.
Thoracic Cavity or Chest Cavity
is the hallow space that contains the heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and the diaphragm.
Abdominal Cavity
is the hallow space that contains the major organs of digestion located between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity.
Peritoneal Cavity
is the hallow space within the abdominal cavity between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum.
Pelvic Cavity
is the hallow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory systems. Organs bounded by the pelvic bones.
Recumbant
is the only term used for lying down.
Medical Terms used to describe movement
...
Adduction
movement towards the midline.
Abduction
Movement away from the midline.
Flexion
closer of a joint angle.
Extension
straightening of a joint or an increase in the angle between two bones.
Hyperflexion
is the palmer or planter movement of the joint angles.
Hyperextension
the dorsal movement of the joints beyond the reference angle.
Supination
The act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmer surface is turned upward.
Pronation
The act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmer surface is turned downward.
Rotation
Circular movement.
Cytology
is the study of cells.
Histology
the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue.
Aden/o
is the combining form of gland.
Glands
Groups of specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body.
Exocrine Glands
Groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances into ducts that lead out of the body or to another organ.
Endocrine Glands
Groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances directly into the bloodstream.
Organ
A part of the body that performs a special function or functions.
Combining Forms of Organs
...
Skeletal system
bones = oste/o
joints = arthr/o
cartiliage = chondr/o
Muscular system
muscles = my/o
fascia = fasc/i
tendons = ten/o
Cardiovascular system
heart = cardi/o
arteries = arteri/o
veins = ven/o
blood = hem/o
Lymphatic and immune system
tonsils = tonsill/o
spleen = splen/o
thymus = thym/o
Prefixes assigning number Value
...
uni-
one
due-, bi
two
tri-
three
quadri- or quadro-
four
quinqu- or quint-
five
Terms Used to Describe Direction and Surface
...
Ventral
refers to the belly or underside of a body or body part.
Dorsal
Refers to the back.
Cranial
Toward the head.
Caudal
Toward the tail.
Anterior
Front of the body.
Posterior
Rear of the body.
Rostral
Nose end of the head.
Cephalic
Pertaining to the head.
Medial
Toward the midline.
Lateral
Away from the midline.
Superior
Uppermost, above, or toward the head.
Inferior
Lowermost, below, or toward the tail.
Proximal
Nearest the midline or nearest to the beginning of a structure.
Distal
Farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure.
Superficial
Near the Surface.
Deep
Away from the Surface.
Palmer
The Caudal surface of the manus (front paw) including the carpus.
Plantar
The Caudal surface of the pes (Rear paw) including the tarsus.
Surfaces of Teeth
...
Lingual Surface
is the aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue.
Palatal Surface
is the tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue.
Buccal Surface
is the aspect of the tooth that faces the cheek.
Also sometimes called the Vestibular Surface
Occlusal Surfaces
are the aspects of the teeth that meet when you chew.
Labial surface
is the tooth surface facing the lips.
Contact Surfaces
are the aspects of the tooth that touch other teeth.
Contact Surfaces are divided into...mesial and distal.
Cavity
is a hole or hallow space in the body that contains and protects internal organs.
Cranial Cavity
is the hollow space that contains the brain in the skull.
Spinal Cavity
is the hallow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column.
Thoracic Cavity or Chest Cavity
is the hallow space that contains the heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and the diaphragm.
Abdominal Cavity
is the hallow space that contains the major organs of digestion located between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity.
Peritoneal Cavity
is the hallow space within the abdominal cavity between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum.
Pelvic Cavity
is the hallow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory systems. Organs bounded by the pelvic bones.
Recumbant
is the only term used for lying down.
Medical Terms used to describe movement
...
Adduction
movement towards the midline.
Abduction
Movement away from the midline.
Flexion
closer of a joint angle.
Extension
straightening of a joint or an increase in the angle between two bones.
Hyperflexion
is the palmer or planter movement of the joint angles.
Hyperextension
the dorsal movement of the joints beyond the reference angle.
Supination
The act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmer surface is turned upward.
Pronation
The act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmer surface is turned downward.
Rotation
Circular movement.
Cytology
is the study of cells.
Histology
the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue.
Aden/o
is the combining form of gland.
Glands
Groups of specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body.
Exocrine Glands
Groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances into ducts that lead out of the body or to another organ.
Endocrine Glands
Groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances directly into the bloodstream.
Organ
A part of the body that performs a special function or functions.
Combining Forms of Organs
...
Skeletal system
bones = oste/o
joints = arthr/o
cartiliage = chondr/o
Muscular system
muscles = my/o
fascia = fasc/i
tendons = ten/o
Cardiovascular system
heart = cardi/o
arteries = arteri/o
veins = ven/o
blood = hem/o
Lymphatic and immune system
tonsils = tonsill/o
spleen = splen/o
thymus = thym/o
Prefixes assigning number Value
...
uni-
one
due-, bi
two
tri-
three
quadri- or quadro-
four
quinqu- or quint-
five