Exocrine glands
Not part of the endocrine system
Exocrine glands
Secrete their products into ducts
Endocrine glands
Ductless, secrete horomones
Horomones
Chemical secretions with regulatory effect on activity of target cells or organs
Blood
Endocrine glands secrete hormones in to _____________
Hormones, nerve impulses
___________ preform general functions of communication and control, but are slower and longer lasting than __________
Target cells
Cells acted on by horomones
Target organs
Where target cells are found
Non-steroid horomones
First messengers, bind to receptors, trigger second messengers to affect cell`s activity
Steroid hormones
Bind to receptors with in the target cell nucleus and influence cell activity by acting on DNA
Homeostasis feedback
Hormones secretions is controlled by
Negative feedback
Mechanisms that reverse the direction of a change in a physiological system
Positive feedback
Mechanisms that amplify physiological changes
Negative feedback
Mechanisms used most by the body
Eating
An example of negative feedback
Hyper
Too much
Hypo
Not enough
Hypersecretion
Secretion of too much horomone
Hyposecretion
Not enough secretion of a horomone
Polyendocrine disorders
Hyper or hyposecretion of more than one horomone
Target cell insensitivity
Similar to hyposecretion
Prostaglandins
Found in a wide variety of body tissues, produced in tissues and diffused a short distance to cells, influence many body functions, like respiration and temp
Pituitary gland
Made up of anterior and posterior glands
Adenohypophysis
Anterior pituitary gland
Neurohypophysis
Posterior pituitary gland
Anterior pituitary gland
Secretes TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, and prolactin
Thyroid stimulating hormone
TSH
Adrenocorticotropic horomone
ACTH
Follicle-stimulating horomone
FSH
Luteinizing hormone
LH
Growth hormone
GH
Prolactin
Lactogenic hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Stimulates growth of thyroid gland, also stimulates it to secrete thyroid hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Stimulates the growth of the adrenal cortex and stimulates it to secrete glucorticoids(mainly cortisol)
Follicle stimulating hormone
Initiates growth of the ovarian follicles each month in the ovary and stimulates one or more follicles to develop to the stage of maturity and ovulation
Luteinizingng hormone
acts with FSH to stimulate estrogen secretion and follicle growth to maturity, causes ovulation,causes luteinization of the ruptured follicle and stimulates progesterone secretion by corpus luteum
Growth hormone
Stimulates growth by accelerating protein Anabolism, also accelerates fat catabolism and slows glucose catabolism
Gigantism
Caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone in childhood
Acromegaly
Caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone in adulthood
Pituitary dwarfism
Caused by hyposecretion of the growth hormone in childhood
Prolactin hormone
Stimulates breast development during pregnancy and secretion of milk after the delivery of the baby
Antidiuretic hormone
Hyposecretion causes diabetes insipidus, characterized by excessive volume of urine
antidiuretic horomone
accelerates water reabsorption from urine in the kidney tubules in the blood, thereby decreasing urine secretion.
oxytocin
stimulates the pregnant uterus to contract,may initiate labor, causes gladular cells of the breast to release milk into ducts
hypothalamus
production of antidiuretic horomone and oxytocin occur here
hypothalamus
controls many of the body's functions related to homeostasis
thyroid gland
has thyroxine(T4), triiodothyronine(T3), and calcitonin(CT)
thyroid horomones
accelerates catabolism (increases metabolic rate)
thyroxine
T4
triiodothyronine
T3
calcitonin
CT
calcitonin
decreases the blood calcium concentrationby inhibiting breakdown of the bone,which would release calcium in the blood