percentage of weight your muscular system makes up
40-50%
major functions of major muscles and different properties (ex-elastic, excitability, contractability ex)
FUNCTIONS
-producing body movements
-stabilizing body positions
-storing and moving substances within the body
-generating heat
PROPERTIES
-electrical excitability-the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals called (muscle) a
endo, epi, perimyseum
Three layers of connective tissue that extend from the fascia to protect and strengthen skeletal muscle
EPIMYSIUM-outermost layer of dense, irregular connective tissue that encircles entire muscle
PERIMYSIUM-also dense irregular connective tissue but it s
aponeurosis
when the conncetive tissue elements extend as a broad, flat sheet (on skull) p 329
what mitochondria are in skeletal muscle and how they are aligned
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myofibrals
the contractile organelles of skeletal muscle (they are what makes muscle appear striated) that are found in sarcoplasm
sarcomniar
CHECK THIS WORD (sarcomniar?)
terminal sisternae
dilated end sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
cytoplasmic reticulum
fluid-filled system of membranous sacs that encircles each myobfibril; in a relaxed muscle fiber the SR stores calcium ions and release of these ions from the terminal cisterns of the SR triggers muscle contraction
myofibrils - know diff proteins (contractile, regulatory, structural)
MYOFIBRILS built from three types of proteins:
1.CONTRACTILE-generate force during contraction
2.REGULATORY-switch the contraction process on and off
3.STRUCTURAL-keep the thick and thin filaments in the proper alignment, give the myofibril elasticity and
dystrophin
Type of structural protein that links thin filaments of sarcomere to integral membrane proteins in sarcolemma which are attached to proteins in connective tissue matrix that surrounds muscle fibers; thought to reinforce sarcolemma and help transmit tensio
proteins (tropenin, tropamiacin, dystrophen etc etc) in terms of how muscle contraction takes place (calcium and ATP v. important in this)
REGULATORY
TROPONIN-type of regulatory protein within thin filament; when calcium ions bind to troponin it changes shape; this change moves tropomyosin away from myosin-binding sites on actin molecules and muscle contraction begins as myosin binds to acti
synaptic cleft (MMJ)
SYNAPTIC CLEFT-small gap at most synapses that separates the two cells so they communicate using neurotransmitters
NMJ-stands for neuromuscular junction; it is the synapse between a somatic motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber. Where muscle action pot
know how ATP produced in body (3 ways)
creatine phosphate
aerobic
anaerobic
creatin phosphate
when you need energy in first ten to (fifteen seconds of activity it gives you immediate energy, then anaerobic respiration aka glycolysis, then aerobic resp. in mitochondria)
anaerobic respiration, aerobic respiration
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motor recruitment (sp?) in terms of cardiac muscle, different skeletal muscle, both striated but one voluntary and one involuntary
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intercolated discs and junctions in cardiac muscle for contraction
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heart-autorhythmic
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rigormortus and sequence of events in how it takes place
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side effects of criatine supplementation
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flastic paralysis and spastic paralysis
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side effects of anabolic steriods in males and females
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difference between tremor, cramp, fisiculation and tetnus
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aerobic cellular respiration (kreb cycle)
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lactic acid cycle
(glucose breaks down into pyruvic acid which is two 3 carbon sugars, pyruvic acid has 2 options (one w/oxygen and one w/out), lactate/lactic acid, back into liver (back to glucose again)
cross bridges
actin-thin, myacin-thicker, myacin heads)
tropamiacin and tropanyn and what happens in presence of calcium (hint-exposed)
covers binding sites on actin, if no ATP then rigormortis
sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium
(he gave ex of hands grabbing onto and pulling rope one over the other)