The major role of the respiratory system is to
supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide
Circle True or False. Four processes--pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport of respiratory gases, and internal respiration--must all occur in order for the respiratory system to function fully.
True
The upper respiratory structures include the nose, the larynx, and the
pharynx
Circle the correct term. The thyroid cartilage/oropharynx is the largest and most prominent of the laryngeal cartilages
thyroid cartilage
Circle True or False. The epiglottis forms a lid over the larynx when we swallow food: it closes off the respiratory passageway to incoming food or drink.
True
Air flows from the larynx to the trachea, and then enters the
left and right main bronchi
Circle the correct term. The lining of the trachea is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium/transitional epithelium which propels dust particles, bacteria and other debris away from the lungs.
columnar epithilium
Circle True or False. All but the most minute branches of the respiratory tree have cartilaginous reinforcements in their walls.
True
______, tiny balloonlike expansions of the alveolar sacs, are composed of a single thin layer of squamous epithelium. They are the main structural and functional units of the lung and actual sites of gas exchange.
Alveoli
Circle the correct term. Fissures divide the lungs into lobes, three on the right and two/three on the left
Two
Circle the correct term. Inspiration/expiration is the phase of pulmonary ventilation when air passes out of the lungs.
expiration
Which of the following processes does NOT occur during inspiration
inspiratory muscles relax
Circle True or False. Vesicular breathing sounds are produced by air rushing through the trachea and bronchi
False
During normal quiet breathing, about __________ ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath.
500 ml of air.
Circle the correct term. Tidal volume/Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration.
Vital capacity.
Circle True or False. The neural centers that control respiratory rhythm and maintain a rate of 12-18 respirations per minute are located in the medulla and thalamus.
False
Circle the correct term. Changes in pH and oxygen concentrations in the blood are monitored by chemoreceptor regions in the medulla/aortic and carotid bodies.
aortic and carotid bodies.
The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system stabilizes arterial blood pH at:
7.4 +- 0.02.
Insulin
Which hormone LOWERS blood glucose levels?
Glucagon
Which hormone RAISES blood glucose levels?
Insulin & Glucagon
What 2 hormones are produced by the pancreas and are responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?
Thyroid
This gland is made up of two lobes and is located just inferior to the larynx
Ant. Pituitary Gland
This gland is sometimes called the "master gland" because it controls the activity of so many other endocrine glands
Gonads
These are considered to be both endocrine & exocrine glands
Sphenoid Bone
The pituitary gland is located in the sella turcica of the ________ ________
Hypophysis
The pituitary gland is also known as the:
Endocrine
An ________ gland is a ductless gland that empties its hormones into the extracellular fluid, from which it enters the blood
Hormone
A secreted compound that affects activities of other cells
The digestive system
This eliminates undigested food, provides the body with nutrients and water
Absorption
_______ occurs when small molecules pass through epithelial cells into the blood for distribution to the body cells.
Mucosa
The ____ abuts the lumen of the alimentary canal and consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.
Esophagus
Approximately 25 cm long, the ______ conducts food from the pharynx to the stomach.
peristalsis
Wavelike contractions of the digestive tract that propel food along are called
Stomach
the ________ is located on the left side of the abdominal cavity and is hidden by the liver and diaphragm
True
Circle True or False. Nearly all nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine.
Descending colon
The ________ traverses down the left side of the abdominal cavity and becomes the sigmoid colon.
Root
A tooth consists of two major regions, the crown and the
Liver
Located inferior to the diaphragm, the ________ is the largest gland in the body, with four lobes.
Acids
____ released into the blood by the body cells tend to LOWER the pH of the blood
False
True/False. Rate and depth of breathing should have little to no effect on the acid-base balance of the blood.
Thymus
Gland is rather large in infants, but begins to atrophy at puberty & really inconsipicous by old age. Produces maturation of T cells
Pancreatic Islets
These form the endocrine portion of the pancreas
Zona Glomerulosa
The outer cortex of the adrenal gland is divided into three zones. Which produces Aldosterone?