Pre-lab Quizes

The major role of the respiratory system is to

supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide

Circle True or False. Four processes--pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport of respiratory gases, and internal respiration--must all occur in order for the respiratory system to function fully.

True

The upper respiratory structures include the nose, the larynx, and the

pharynx

Circle the correct term. The thyroid cartilage/oropharynx is the largest and most prominent of the laryngeal cartilages

thyroid cartilage

Circle True or False. The epiglottis forms a lid over the larynx when we swallow food: it closes off the respiratory passageway to incoming food or drink.

True

Air flows from the larynx to the trachea, and then enters the

left and right main bronchi

Circle the correct term. The lining of the trachea is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium/transitional epithelium which propels dust particles, bacteria and other debris away from the lungs.

columnar epithilium

Circle True or False. All but the most minute branches of the respiratory tree have cartilaginous reinforcements in their walls.

True

______, tiny balloonlike expansions of the alveolar sacs, are composed of a single thin layer of squamous epithelium. They are the main structural and functional units of the lung and actual sites of gas exchange.

Alveoli

Circle the correct term. Fissures divide the lungs into lobes, three on the right and two/three on the left

Two

Circle the correct term. Inspiration/expiration is the phase of pulmonary ventilation when air passes out of the lungs.

expiration

Which of the following processes does NOT occur during inspiration

inspiratory muscles relax

Circle True or False. Vesicular breathing sounds are produced by air rushing through the trachea and bronchi

False

During normal quiet breathing, about __________ ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath.

500 ml of air.

Circle the correct term. Tidal volume/Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration.

Vital capacity.

Circle True or False. The neural centers that control respiratory rhythm and maintain a rate of 12-18 respirations per minute are located in the medulla and thalamus.

False

Circle the correct term. Changes in pH and oxygen concentrations in the blood are monitored by chemoreceptor regions in the medulla/aortic and carotid bodies.

aortic and carotid bodies.

The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system stabilizes arterial blood pH at:

7.4 +- 0.02.

Insulin

Which hormone LOWERS blood glucose levels?

Glucagon

Which hormone RAISES blood glucose levels?

Insulin & Glucagon

What 2 hormones are produced by the pancreas and are responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

Thyroid

This gland is made up of two lobes and is located just inferior to the larynx

Ant. Pituitary Gland

This gland is sometimes called the "master gland" because it controls the activity of so many other endocrine glands

Gonads

These are considered to be both endocrine & exocrine glands

Sphenoid Bone

The pituitary gland is located in the sella turcica of the ________ ________

Hypophysis

The pituitary gland is also known as the:

Endocrine

An ________ gland is a ductless gland that empties its hormones into the extracellular fluid, from which it enters the blood

Hormone

A secreted compound that affects activities of other cells

The digestive system

This eliminates undigested food, provides the body with nutrients and water

Absorption

_______ occurs when small molecules pass through epithelial cells into the blood for distribution to the body cells.

Mucosa

The ____ abuts the lumen of the alimentary canal and consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.

Esophagus

Approximately 25 cm long, the ______ conducts food from the pharynx to the stomach.

peristalsis

Wavelike contractions of the digestive tract that propel food along are called

Stomach

the ________ is located on the left side of the abdominal cavity and is hidden by the liver and diaphragm

True

Circle True or False. Nearly all nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine.

Descending colon

The ________ traverses down the left side of the abdominal cavity and becomes the sigmoid colon.

Root

A tooth consists of two major regions, the crown and the

Liver

Located inferior to the diaphragm, the ________ is the largest gland in the body, with four lobes.

Acids

____ released into the blood by the body cells tend to LOWER the pH of the blood

False

True/False. Rate and depth of breathing should have little to no effect on the acid-base balance of the blood.

Thymus

Gland is rather large in infants, but begins to atrophy at puberty & really inconsipicous by old age. Produces maturation of T cells

Pancreatic Islets

These form the endocrine portion of the pancreas

Zona Glomerulosa

The outer cortex of the adrenal gland is divided into three zones. Which produces Aldosterone?