heart contraction
The AV valves and semilunar valves are closed.
systolic and diastolic blood pressure
#NAME?
sphygmomanometer
measures blood pressure
5 types of blood vessels
1. arteries 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. venules 5. veins
arteries
blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart
arterioles
Small vessels that receive blood from the arteries
capillaries
tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules
venules
small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
veins
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
pericardium
a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart
epicardium
the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium
myocardium
the middle muscular layer of the heart wall
endocardium
inner lining of the heart
papillary muscles
contract when ventricles contract to prevent AV valves from opening
cardiac output
the amount of blood pumped out by the ventricles in a given period of time
coronary sinus
a short sinus receiving most of the veins of the heart
cardiac cycle
the complete cycle of events in the heart from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next
electrocardiogram
record of the electrical activity of the heart
stroke volume
the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat
pulmonary circuit
carries blood to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the heart
systemic circuit
Circuit of blood that carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body.
atria
the two upper chambers of the heart- the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.
auricles
ear-like projections, sensitive to chemicals and touch
ventricles
the two lower chambers of the heart, and they pump blood out to the lungs and body.
systole
the contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery
diastole
the widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood
cardiac conduction system
fibers of cardiac muscle tissue which distribute impulses over the entire heart
s-a node
sinoatrial node (pacemaker of the heart)
pacemaker
a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat
a-v node
picks up electrical impulse from the SA node and causes ventricles to contract, causing blood to move into arteries
a-v bundle
group of fibers which receive impluse from the atrioventricular node; also known as the bundle of His
purkinje fibers
fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract
cardiac conduction steps
1: sinoatrial (SA) node fires (the pacemaker)
2: excitation speeds through atrial myocardium
3: atrioventricular node fires
4: excitation speeds through AV bundle
5: purkinge fibers distribute excitation though ventricular myocardium
smallest group of blood vessels
capillaries
veins vs arteries
*Veins - Carry blood to the heart.
*Arteries - Carry blood away from the heart
flaps in front of atria
auricles
only artery that carries deoxygenated blood
pulmonary artery
inner open space of a tubular organ
lumen
increase of volume of blood
hypertension
large vessels in front of heart that lie in front of aorta
pulmonary trunk/artery
where does blood go after leaving right ventricle
aorta, then rest of body
disease of arteries causes fatty deposits of cholesterol in arteries
atherosclerosis
tendons that connect valve to muscles of heart
cordae tendinae
arteries that supply blood to legs
illiad